Meme Kanseri Tedavisinde Elektrokemoterapi Uygulamaları

Yazarlar

Çağrı Büyükkasap
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-4289
Saygın Altıner
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-9984

Özet

Meme kanseri tedavisinde elektrokemoterapi (EKT), hücre zarına uygulanan yüksek voltajlı elektrik dalgalarıyla kemoterapötik ajanların hücre içine geçişini artırarak lokal tümör kontrolü sağlayan yenilikçi bir yöntemdir. Özellikle cerrahiye uygun olmayan veya sistemik tedaviye yanıt vermeyen kutanöz nükslerde yüksek tam yanıt oranları sergileyen bu uygulama, vasküler kilit etkisi ve immün yanıtı tetikleme mekanizmalarıyla da etkinliğini güçlendirir. Günümüzde standart operasyon prosedürlerine sahip olan EKT, palyatif amaçlı kullanımının yanı sıra primer meme tümörlerinde neoadjuvan bir seçenek olarak gelecek vaat etmektedir.

 

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an innovative local treatment for breast cancer that enhances the uptake of cytotoxic drugs by applying high-voltage electric pulses to tumor cells. It demonstrates high complete response rates, particularly in cutaneous metastases unsuitable for surgery, by utilizing mechanisms such as vascular disruption and immune response activation. While currently employed primarily for palliation under standard protocols, ECT holds significant potential as a neoadjuvant therapy for primary breast tumors in the future.

Referanslar

Siegel, R.L., K.D. Miller, H.E. Fuchs, Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021. 71(1): p. 7-33.

Kesson, E.M., G.M. Allardice, W.D. George, Effects of multidisciplinary team working on breast cancer survival: retrospective, comparative, interventional cohort study of 13 722 women. BMJ, 2012. 344: p. e2718.

Lahmann, P.H., K. Hoffmann, N. Allen, Body size and breast cancer risk: findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer And Nutrition (EPIC). Int J Cancer, 2004. 111(5): p. 762-71.

Lauby-Secretan, B., C. Scoccianti, D. Loomis, Body Fatness and Cancer--Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med, 2016. 375(8): p. 794-8.

Neuhouser, M.L., A.K. Aragaki, R.L. Prentice, Overweight, Obesity, and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Oncol, 2015. 1(5): p. 611-21.

Key, T.J., P.N. Appleby, G.K. Reeves, Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003. 95(16): p. 1218-26.

Nelson, H.D., B. Zakher, A. Cantor, Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med, 2012. 156(9): p. 635-48.

Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative, G., M.J. Schoemaker, H.B. Nichols, Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women. JAMA Oncol, 2018. 4(11): p. e181771.

Green, J., B.J. Cairns, D. Casabonne, Height and cancer incidence in the Million Women Study: prospective cohort, and meta-analysis of prospective studies of height and total cancer risk. Lancet Oncol, 2011. 12(8): p. 785-94.

Ritte, R., A. Lukanova, A. Tjønneland, Height, age at menarche and risk of hormone receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer: a cohort study. Int J Cancer, 2013. 132(11): p. 2619-29.

McCormack, V.A.,I. dos Santos Silva, Breast density and parenchymal patterns as markers of breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2006. 15(6): p. 1159-69.

Key, T.J., P.N. Appleby, G.K. Reeves, Steroid hormone measurements from different types of assays in relation to body mass index and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: Reanalysis of eighteen prospective studies. Steroids, 2015. 99(Pt A): p. 49-55.

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast, C., Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol, 2012. 13(11): p. 1141-51.

Liu, L., X. Hao, Z. Song, Correlation between family history and characteristics of breast cancer. Sci Rep, 2021. 11(1): p. 6360.

Moy, L., S.L. Heller, L. Bailey, ACR Appropriateness Criteria(®) Palpable Breast Masses. J Am Coll Radiol, 2017. 14(5s): p. S203-s224.

Miklavčič, D., B. Mali, B. Kos, Electrochemotherapy: from the drawing board into medical practice. Biomed Eng Online, 2014. 13(1): p. 29.

Sersa, G., M. Cemazar,D. Miklavcic, Antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in mice. Cancer Res, 1995. 55(15): p. 3450-5.

Mir, L.M., S. Orlowski, J. Belehradek, Jr., Electrochemotherapy potentiation of antitumour effect of bleomycin by local electric pulses. Eur J Cancer, 1991. 27(1): p. 68-72.

Orlowski, S., J. Belehradek, Jr., C. Paoletti, Transient electropermeabilization of cells in culture. Increase of the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs. Biochem Pharmacol, 1988. 37(24): p. 4727-33.

Okino, M., H. Tomie, H. Kanesada, Optimal electric conditions in electrical impulse chemotherapy. Jpn J Cancer Res, 1992. 83(10): p. 1095-101.

Okino, M.,H. Mohri, Effects of a high-voltage electrical impulse and an anticancer drug on in vivo growing tumors. Jpn J Cancer Res, 1987. 78(12): p. 1319-21.

Neumann, E., M. Schaefer-Ridder, Y. Wang, Gene transfer into mouse lyoma cells by electroporation in high electric fields. Embo j, 1982. 1(7): p. 841-5.

Heller, L.,R. Heller, Heller LC, Heller RIn vivo electroporation for gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 17: 890-897. Human gene therapy, 2006. 17: p. 890-7.

Davalos, R.V., I.L. Mir,B. Rubinsky, Tissue ablation with irreversible electroporation. Ann Biomed Eng, 2005. 33(2): p. 223-31.

Rubinsky, B., Irreversible electroporation in medicine. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2007. 6(4): p. 255-60.

Maor, E., A. Ivorra,B. Rubinsky, Non Thermal Irreversible Electroporation: Novel Technology for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Ablation. PLOS ONE, 2009. 4(3): p. e4757.

Pech, M., A. Janitzky, J.J. Wendler, Irreversible electroporation of renal cell carcinoma: a first-in-man phase I clinical study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2011. 34(1): p. 132-8.

Tracy, C.R., W. Kabbani,J.A. Cadeddu, Irreversible electroporation (IRE): a novel method for renal tissue ablation. BJU Int, 2011. 107(12): p. 1982-7.

Bagla, S.,D. Papadouris, Percutaneous irreversible electroporation of surgically unresectable pancreatic cancer: a case report. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2012. 23(1): p. 142-5.

Golberg, A.,M.L. Yarmush, Nonthermal irreversible electroporation: fundamentals, applications, and challenges. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2013. 60(3): p. 707-14.

Cheung, W., H. Kavnoudias, S. Roberts, Irreversible electroporation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: initial experience and review of safety and outcomes. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2013. 12(3): p. 233-41.

Sersa, G., D. Miklavcic, M. Cemazar, Electrochemotherapy in treatment of tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2008. 34(2): p. 232-40.

Mali, B., T. Jarm, M. Snoj, Antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2013. 39(1): p. 4-16.

Miklavcic, D., M. Snoj, A. Zupanic, Towards treatment planning and treatment of deep-seated solid tumors by electrochemotherapy. Biomed Eng Online, 2010. 9: p. 10.

Edhemovic, I., E.M. Gadzijev, E. Brecelj, Electrochemotherapy: a new technological approach in treatment of metastases in the liver. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2011. 10(5): p. 475-85.

Miklavcic, D., G. Sersa, E. Brecelj, Electrochemotherapy: technological advancements for efficient electroporation-based treatment of internal tumors. Med Biol Eng Comput, 2012. 50(12): p. 1213-25.

Teissie, J., N. Eynard, B. Gabriel, Electropermeabilization of cell membranes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 1999. 35(1): p. 3-19.

Rems, L.,D. Miklavcic, Tutorial: Electroporation of cells in complex materials and tissue. Journal of Applied Physics, 2016. 119: p. 201101.

Teissie, J., M. Golzio,M.P. Rols, Mechanisms of cell membrane electropermeabilization: A minireview of our present (lack of ?) knowledge. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 2005. 1724(3): p. 270-280.

Weaver, J.C., Molecular basis for cell membrane electroporation. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1994. 720: p. 141-52.

Chen, C., S.W. Smye, M.P. Robinson, Membrane electroporation theories: a review. Med Biol Eng Comput, 2006. 44(1-2): p. 5-14.

Casciola, M.,M. Tarek, A molecular insight into the electro-transfer of small molecules through electropores driven by electric fields. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2016. 1858(10): p. 2278-2289.

Rems, L., M. Tarek, M. Casciola, Properties of lipid electropores II: Comparison of continuum-level modeling of pore conductance to molecular dynamics simulations. Bioelectrochemistry, 2016. 112: p. 112-24.

Sozer, E.B., C.F. Pocetti,P.T. Vernier, Transport of charged small molecules after electropermeabilization - drift and diffusion. BMC Biophys, 2018. 11: p. 4.

Belehradek, J., Jr., S. Orlowski, L.H. Ramirez, Electropermeabilization of cells in tissues assessed by the qualitative and quantitative electroloading of bleomycin. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1994. 1190(1): p. 155-63.

Belehradek, M., C. Domenge, B. Luboinski, Electrochemotherapy, a new antitumor treatment. First clinical phase I-II trial. Cancer, 1993. 72(12): p. 3694-700.

Gehl, J., Electroporation: theory and methods, perspectives for drug delivery, gene therapy and research. Acta Physiol Scand, 2003. 177(4): p. 437-47.

Gehl, J.,P.F. Geertsen, Efficient palliation of haemorrhaging malignant melanoma skin metastases by electrochemotherapy. Melanoma Res, 2000. 10(6): p. 585-9.

Satkauskas, S., F. Andre, M.F. Bureau, Electrophoretic component of electric pulses determines the efficacy of in vivo DNA electrotransfer. Hum Gene Ther, 2005. 16(10): p. 1194-201.

Jiang, C., R.V. Davalos,J.C. Bischof, A review of basic to clinical studies of irreversible electroporation therapy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2015. 62(1): p. 4-20.

Scheffer, H.J., K. Nielsen, M.C. de Jong, Irreversible electroporation for nonthermal tumor ablation in the clinical setting: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2014. 25(7): p. 997-1011; quiz 1011.

Moir, J., S.A. White, J.J. French, Systematic review of irreversible electroporation in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2014. 40(12): p. 1598-604.

Rombouts, S.J., J.A. Vogel, H.C. van Santvoort, Systematic review of innovative ablative therapies for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Br J Surg, 2015. 102(3): p. 182-93.

Silk, M., D. Tahour, G. Srimathveeravalli, The state of irreversible electroporation in interventional oncology. Semin Intervent Radiol, 2014. 31(2): p. 111-7.

Scheltema, M.J., W. van den Bos, D.M. de Bruin, Focal vs extended ablation in localized prostate cancer with irreversible electroporation; a multi-center randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer, 2016. 16: p. 299.

Reddy, V.Y., J. Koruth, P. Jais, Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation With Pulsed Electric Fields: An Ultra-Rapid, Tissue-Selective Modality for Cardiac Ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2018. 4(8): p. 987-995.

Wittkampf, F.H.M., R. van Es,K. Neven, Electroporation and its Relevance for Cardiac Catheter Ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2018. 4(8): p. 977-986.

Escoffre, J.M.,M.P. Rols, Electrochemotherapy: progress and prospects. Curr Pharm Des, 2012. 18(23): p. 3406-15.

Sersa, G., B. Stabuc, M. Cemazar, Electrochemotherapy with cisplatin: potentiation of local cisplatin antitumour effectiveness by application of electric pulses in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer, 1998. 34(8): p. 1213-8.

Gehl, J., T. Skovsgaard,L.M. Mir, Enhancement of cytotoxicity by electropermeabilization: an improved method for screening drugs. Anticancer Drugs, 1998. 9(4): p. 319-25.

Jaroszeski, M.J., V. Dang, C. Pottinger, Toxicity of anticancer agents mediated by electroporation in vitro. Anticancer Drugs, 2000. 11(3): p. 201-8.

Tarek, M., Membrane electroporation: a molecular dynamics simulation. Biophys J, 2005. 88(6): p. 4045-53.

Hu, Q., S. Viswanadham, R.P. Joshi, Simulations of transient membrane behavior in cells subjected to a high-intensity ultrashort electric pulse. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2005. 71(3 Pt 1): p. 031914.

Delemotte, L.,M. Tarek, Molecular dynamics simulations of lipid membrane electroporation. J Membr Biol, 2012. 245(9): p. 531-43.

Heller, R., M. Jaroszeski, J. Leo-Messina, Treatment of B16 mouse melanoma with the combination of electropermeabilization and chemotherapy. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 1995. 36(1): p. 83-87.

Jaroszeski, M.J., R.A. Gilbert,R. Heller, In vivo antitumor effects of electrochemotherapy in a hepatoma model. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1997. 1334(1): p. 15-8.

Pendas, S., M. Jaroszeski, R. Gilbert, Direct delivery of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatomas and sarcomas in rat models. Radiology and Oncology, 1998. 32: p. 53-64.

Hyacinthe, M., M.J. Jaroszeski, V.V. Dang, Electrically enhanced drug delivery for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer, 1999. 85(2): p. 409-17.

Cemazar, M., D. Miklavcic,G. Sersa, Intrinsic sensitivity of tumor cells to bleomycin as an indicator of tumor response to electrochemotherapy. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann, 1998. 89(3): p. 328-333.

Cemazar, M., D. Miklavcic, L.M. Mir, Electrochemotherapy of tumours resistant to cisplatin: a study in a murine tumour model. Eur J Cancer, 2001. 37(9): p. 1166-72.

Miklavcic, D., K. Beravs, D. Semrov, The importance of electric field distribution for effective in vivo electroporation of tissues. Biophys J, 1998. 74(5): p. 2152-8.

Miklavcic, D., S. Corovic, G. Pucihar, Importance of tumour coverage by sufficiently high local electric field for effective electrochemotherapy. European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2006. 4(11): p. 45-51.

Sersa, G., B. Stabuc, M. Cemazar, Electrochemotherapy with cisplatin: clinical experience in malignant melanoma patients. Clin Cancer Res, 2000. 6(3): p. 863-7.

Sersa, G., B. Stabuc, M. Cemazar, Electrochemotherapy with cisplatin: the systemic antitumour effectiveness of cisplatin can be potentiated locally by the application of electric pulses in the treatment of malignant melanoma skin metastases. Melanoma Res, 2000. 10(4): p. 381-5.

Mir, L., J. Gehl, G. Sersa, Standard operating procedures of the electrochemotherapy: Instructions for the use of bleomycin or cisplatin adminstered either systemically or locally and electric pulses delivered by the Cliniporator (TM) by means of invasive or non-invasive electrodes. EJC Supplements, 2006. 4: p. 14-25.

Sersa, G., T. Jarm, T. Kotnik, Vascular disrupting action of electroporation and electrochemotherapy with bleomycin in murine sarcoma. Br J Cancer, 2008. 98(2): p. 388-98.

Markelc, B., G. Sersa,M. Cemazar, Differential mechanisms associated with vascular disrupting action of electrochemotherapy: intravital microscopy on the level of single normal and tumor blood vessels. PLOS ONE, 2013. 8(3): p. e59557.

Jarm, T., M. Cemazar, D. Miklavcic, Antivascular effects of electrochemotherapy: implications in treatment of bleeding metastases. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2010. 10(5): p. 729-46.

Snoj, M., M. Cemazar, T. Srnovrsnik, Limb sparing treatment of bleeding melanoma recurrence by electrochemotherapy. Tumori, 2009. 95(3): p. 398-402.

Sersˇa, G., D. Miklavcˇicˇ, M. Cˇemazˇar, Electrochemotherapy with CDDP on LPB sarcoma: comparison of the anti-tumor effectiveness in immunocompotent and immunodeficient mice. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 1997. 43(2): p. 279-283.

Muftuler, L.T., M.J. Hamamura, O. Birgul, In vivo MRI electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) of tumors. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2006. 5(4): p. 381-7.

Sedlar, A., T. Dolinsek, B. Markelc, Potentiation of electrochemotherapy by intramuscular IL-12 gene electrotransfer in murine sarcoma and carcinoma with different immunogenicity. Radiol Oncol, 2012. 46(4): p. 302-11.

Mir, L.M., L.F. Glass, G. Sersa, Effective treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous malignant tumours by electrochemotherapy. Br J Cancer, 1998. 77(12): p. 2336-42.

Campana, L.G., S. Mocellin, M. Basso, Bleomycin-based electrochemotherapy: clinical outcome from a single institution's experience with 52 patients. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009. 16(1): p. 191-9.

Campana, L.G., S. Valpione, S. Mocellin, Electrochemotherapy for disseminated superficial metastases from malignant melanoma. Br J Surg, 2012. 99(6): p. 821-30.

Mali, B., D. Miklavcic, L.G. Campana, Tumor size and effectiveness of electrochemotherapy. Radiol Oncol, 2013. 47(1): p. 32-41.

Campana, L.G., D. Miklavcic, G. Bertino, Electrochemotherapy of superficial tumors - Current status:: Basic principles, operating procedures, shared indications, and emerging applications. Semin Oncol, 2019. 46(2): p. 173-191.

Gerlini, G., A. Tun-Kyi, C. Dudli, Metastatic melanoma secreted IL-10 down-regulates CD1 molecules on dendritic cells in metastatic tumor lesions. Am J Pathol, 2004. 165(6): p. 1853-63.

Jacobs, J.F., S. Nierkens, C.G. Figdor, Regulatory T cells in melanoma: the final hurdle towards effective immunotherapy? Lancet Oncol, 2012. 13(1): p. e32-42.

Calvet, C.Y.,L.M. Mir, The promising alliance of anti-cancer electrochemotherapy with immunotherapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 2016. 35(2): p. 165-77.

Elliott, M.R., F.B. Chekeni, P.C. Trampont, Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance. Nature, 2009. 461(7261): p. 282-6.

Obeid, M., A. Tesniere, F. Ghiringhelli, Calreticulin exposure dictates the immunogenicity of cancer cell death. Nat Med, 2007. 13(1): p. 54-61.

Andersson, U., H. Wang, K. Palmblad, High mobility group 1 protein (HMG-1) stimulates proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in human monocytes. J Exp Med, 2000. 192(4): p. 565-70.

Scaffidi, P., T. Misteli,M.E. Bianchi, Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature, 2002. 418(6894): p. 191-5.

Cemazar, M., Y. Tamzali, G. Sersa, Electrochemotherapy in veterinary oncology. J Vet Intern Med, 2008. 22(4): p. 826-31.

Testori, A., G. Tosti, C. Martinoli, Electrochemotherapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions: a novel therapeutic approach. Dermatol Ther, 2010. 23(6): p. 651-61.

Marty, M., G. Sersa, J.R. Garbay, Electrochemotherapy – An easy, highly effective and safe treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases: Results of ESOPE (European Standard Operating Procedures of Electrochemotherapy) study. European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2006. 4(11): p. 3-13.

Gehl, J., G. Sersa, L.W. Matthiessen, Updated standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy of cutaneous tumours and skin metastases. Acta Oncol, 2018. 57(7): p. 874-882.

Rudolf, Z., B. Stabuc, M. Cemazar, Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin. The first clinical experience in malignant melanoma patients. Radiol Oncol, 1995. 29(6).

Heller, R., Treatment of cutaneous nodules using electrochemotherapy. J Fla Med Assoc, 1995. 82(2): p. 147-50.

Heller, R., M.J. Jaroszeski, D.S. Reintgen, Treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors with electrochemotherapy using intralesional bleomycin. Cancer, 1998. 83(1): p. 148-57.

Larkin, J.O., C.G. Collins, S. Aarons, Electrochemotherapy: aspects of preclinical development and early clinical experience. Ann Surg, 2007. 245(3): p. 469-79.

Campana, L.G., G. Bianchi, S. Mocellin, Electrochemotherapy treatment of locally advanced and metastatic soft tissue sarcomas: results of a non-comparative phase II study. World J Surg, 2014. 38(4): p. 813-22.

Matthiessen, L.W., H.H. Johannesen, H.W. Hendel, Electrochemotherapy for large cutaneous recurrence of breast cancer: a phase II clinical trial. Acta Oncol, 2012. 51(6): p. 713-21.

Gargiulo, M., M. Moio, G. Monda, Electrochemotherapy: actual considerations and clinical experience in head and neck cancers. Ann Surg, 2010. 251(4): p. 773.

Mozzillo, N., C. Caracò, S. Mori, Feasibility of neoadjuvant electrochemotherapy for a large metastatic lesion of the cheek in a patient with melanoma. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2012. 10(38): p. 999-1000.

Mozzillo, N., C. Caracò, S. Mori, Use of neoadjuvant electrochemotherapy to treat a large metastatic lesion of the cheek in a patient with melanoma. J Transl Med, 2012. 10: p. 131.

Carrera, C., A. Bennassar, P. Ishioka, Desmoplastic melanoma on the nose: electrochemotherapy as an alternative treatment to local advanced disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2014. 28(4): p. 424-32.

Salwa, S.P., M.G. Bourke, P.F. Forde, Electrochemotherapy for the treatment of ocular basal cell carcinoma; a novel adjunct in the disease management. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2014. 67(3): p. 403-6.

NICE. Electrochemotherapy for primary basal cell carcinoma and primary squamous cell carcinoma. 2014 [cited 2021; Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg478/resources/electrochemotherapy-for-primary-basal-cell-carcinoma-and-primary-squamous-cell-carcinoma-pdf-1899869938127557.

NICE. Electrochemotherapy for metastases in the skin from tumours of non-skin origin and melanoma. 2013 [cited 2021; Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg446/resources/electrochemotherapy-for-metastases-in-the-skin-from-tumours-of-nonskin-origin-and-melanoma-pdf-1899869753369797.

Linnert, M., H.K. Iversen,J. Gehl, Multiple brain metastases - current management and perspectives for treatment with electrochemotherapy. Radiol Oncol, 2012. 46(4): p. 271-8.

Mahmood, F.,J. Gehl, Optimizing clinical performance and geometrical robustness of a new electrode device for intracranial tumor electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry, 2011. 81(1): p. 10-6.

Zagar, T.M., K.A. Higgins, E.F. Miles, Durable palliation of breast cancer chest wall recurrence with radiation therapy, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy. Radiother Oncol, 2010. 97(3): p. 535-40.

Guarneri, V.,P. Conte, Metastatic breast cancer: therapeutic options according to molecular subtypes and prior adjuvant therapy. Oncologist, 2009. 14(7): p. 645-56.

Mir, L.M.,S. Orlowski, Mechanisms of electrochemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 1999. 35(1): p. 107-118.

Matthiessen, L.W., H.H. Johannesen, K. Skougaard, Dual time point imaging fluorine-18 flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for evaluation of large loco-regional recurrences of breast cancer treated with electrochemotherapy. Radiol Oncol, 2013. 47(4): p. 358-65.

Lookingbill, D.P., N. Spangler,K.F. Helm, Cutaneous metastases in patients with metastatic carcinoma: a retrospective study of 4020 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol, 1993. 29(2 Pt 1): p. 228-36.

Kreuter, A., T. van Eijk, P. Lehmann, Electrochemotherapy in advanced skin tumors and cutaneous metastases - a retrospective multicenter analysis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2015. 13(4): p. 308-15.

Spratt, D.E., E.A. Gordon Spratt, S. Wu, Efficacy of skin-directed therapy for cutaneous metastases from advanced cancer: a meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol, 2014. 32(28): p. 3144-55.

Matthiessen, L.W., M. Keshtgar, P. Curatolo, Electrochemotherapy for Breast Cancer-Results From the INSPECT Database. Clin Breast Cancer, 2018. 18(5): p. e909-e917.

Network, N.C.C. NCCN Clinical Practies Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) Breast Cancer Version 8.2021. 2021; Available from: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdf.

Cabula, C., Neoadjuvant electrochemotherapy of breast cancer: our experience on first case treated in Italy. Updates in Surgery, 2013. 65(4): p. 325-328.

Sayfalar

235-246

Gelecek

11 Nisan 2022

Lisans

Lisans