Fetal Kardiyak Girişimler
Özet
Konjenital kalp anomalilerinin anne karnında tanısı ve tedavisi, fetal ekokardiyografinin gelişimiyle birlikte kritik bir öneme kavuşmuştur. Özellikle hipoplastik sol kalp sendromuna ilerleyebilecek aort stenozu vakalarında uygulanan balon valvuloplasti gibi girişimler, bebeklerin doğum sonrası biventriküler dolaşıma sahip olma şansını artırmaktadır. Bu karmaşık operasyonlar multidisipliner bir ekip çalışması gerektirmekte olup, teknik ilerlemeler ve hasta seçim kriterlerinin iyileşmesiyle başarı oranları her geçen gün yükselmektedir.
Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart anomalies have gained critical importance with the advancement of fetal echocardiography. Interventions such as balloon valvuloplasty, especially in cases of aortic stenosis that may progress to hypoplastic left heart syndrome, increase the chances of babies having biventricular circulation after birth. These complex operations require multidisciplinary teamwork, and success rates are increasing daily with technical improvements and refined patient selection criteria.
Referanslar
Bravo-Valenzuela N J, Peixoto A B, Junior E A. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease: A review of current knowledge.İndian Heart journal.2018;70:150-164.
Abinader EG.Milestones in the Development of Fetal Cardiac Interventions. 2018;20:320-323.
Allan LD, Tynan MJ, Campell S, et al. Echocardiographic and anatomical correlates in the fetüs. Br Heart J 1980; 44: 444 -451
Carvalho J S, Mavrides E, Shinebourne E A, et al. Improving the effectiveness of routine prenatal screening for major congenital heart defects. Heart 2002;88:387–391.
Eibschitz I, Abinader EG, Klein A, et al. Intrauterine diagnosis and control of fetal ventricular arrhythmia during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1975;122:597– 600.
McElhinney DB, Tworetzky W, Lock JE. Current Status of Fetal Cardiac Intervention. Circulation. 2010;121:1256-1263.
Carpenter RJ Jr, Strasburger JF, Garson A Jr, et al. Fetal ventricular pacing for hydrops secondary to complete atrioventricular block. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8: 1434-6.
Maxwell D, Allan L, Tynan MJ. Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve in the fetus: a report of two cases. Br Heart J. 1991; 65(5):256–258. [PubMed: 2039669]
Allan LD, Maxwell DJ, Carminati M, et al. Survival after fetal aortic ballon valvoplasty. Ultrasound Obstet.Gynecol.1995;5:90-91.
Maxwell D, Allan L, Tynan MJ. Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve in the fetus: a report of two cases. Br Heart J. 1991; 65(5):256–258. [PubMed: 2039669]
Simpson JM, Sharland GK. Natural history and outcome of aortic stenosis diagnosed prenatally. Heart. 1997;77:205–210.
Hornberger LK, Moon-Grady AJ, Tworetzky W. Fetal Echocardiography and Prenatal Cardiovascular Interventions – An Update (2012). J Clin Exp Cardiolog 2012, S:8.
Tworetzky W, Wilkins-Haug L, Jennings RW, et al. Balloon dilation of severe aortic stenosis in the fetus: potential for prevention of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: candidate selection, technique, and results of successful intervention. Circulation. 2004;110(15):2125-31.
Makikallio K, McElhinney DB, Levine JC, et al. Fetal aortic valve stenosis and the evolution of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: patient selection for fetal intervention. Circulation. 2006;113:1401–1405.
McElhinney DB, Marshall AC, Wilkins-Haug LE, et al.Predictors of technical success and postnatal biventricular outcome after in utero aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Circulation. 2009;120:1482–1490.
Friedman KG, Tworetzky W. Fetal cardiac interventions: Where do we stand?La cardiologie foetale interventionnelle : état des lieux. Archives of Cardiovascular Disease (2020) 113, 121—128.
Friedman KG, Sleeper LA, Freud LR, et al. Improved technicalsuccess, postnatal outcome and refined predictors of out-come for fetal aortic valvuloplasty. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol2018;52:212—20.
Marshall AC, Tworetzky W, Bergersen L, et al. Aortic valvuloplasty in the fetus: technical characteristics of successful balloon dilation. J Pediatr 2005;147:535-539.
Gregory’s Pediatric Anesthesia, Sixth Edition. Edited by Dean B. Andropoulos and George A. Gregory.© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Olutoye OA, Rosen M, Rollins MD.Anesthesia for Fetal Intervention and Surgery.chapter 21.PP 475-504.
Kohl T, Sharland G, Allan LD, et al. World experience of percutaneous ultrasound-guided balloon valvuloplasty in human fetuses with severe aortic valve obstruction. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:1230 –1233.
Mc Elhinney DB, Marshall AC, Wilkins-Haug et al. Predictors of technical success and postnatal biventricular outcome after in utero aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Circulation 2009; 120: 1482-90.
W. Artz, Wertaschnigg D, Veit I, et al.Intrauterine aortic valvuloplasty in fetuses with critical aortic stenosis: experience and results of 24 procedures. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 37: 689–695.
Freud LR, McElhinney DB, Marshall AC, et al. Fetal Aortic Valvuloplasty for Evolving Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Postnatal Outcomes of the First 100 Patients. Circulation. 2014;130:638-645.
Moon-Grady AJ, Baschat A, Cass D, et al. Fetal Treatment 2017: The Evolution of Fetal Therapy Centers – A Joint Opinion from the International Fetal Medicine and Surgical Society (IFMSS) and the North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet). Fetal Diagn Ther 2017;42:241–248.
Divanović A, Hor K, Cnota J, et al. Prediction and perinatal management of severely restrictive atrial septum in fetuses with critical left heart obstruction: clinical experience using pulmonary venous Doppler analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 141: 988-94.
Yuan SM, Humuruola G. Fetal cardiac interventions: clinical and experimental research. Adv Interv Cardiol 2016; 12, 2 (44): 99–107.DOI: 10.5114/aic.2016.59359.37.
Van Aerschot I, Rosenblatt J, Boudjemline Y. Fetal cardiac interventions: Myths and facts.Cathétérisme foetal : mythes et faits. Archives of Cardiovascular Disease (2012) 105, 366-372.
Marshall AC, Levine J, Morash D, et al. Results of in-utero atrial septoplasty in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.Prenat Diagn 2008;28:1023-8.
Kalish BT, Tworetzky W, Benson CB, et al. Technical challenges of atrial septal stent placement in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014;84:77-85.
Jantzen DW, Moon-Grady AJ, Morris SA, et al. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact or restrictive atrial septum:a report from the international fetal cardiac intervention reg-istry. Circulation 2017;136:1346-9.
Quintero RA, Huhta J, Suh E, et al. In utero cardiac fetal surgery:laser atrial septotomy in the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193: 1424-8.
Montes EG, Herraiz I, Mendoza A, et al. Fetal Intervention in Right Outflow Tract Obstructive Disease:Selection of Candidates and Results. Cardiol Res Pract 2012; 2012: 592403.
Tworetzky W, McElhinney DB, Marx GR, et al. In Utero Valvuloplasty for Pulmonary Atresia With Hypoplastic Right Ventricle: Techniques and Outcomes. Pediatrics. 2009 September ; 124(3): e510-e518. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2014.
Moon-Grady AJ, Morris SA, Belfort M, et al. International Fetal Cardiac Intervention Registry. A Worldwide Collaborative Description and Preliminary Outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:388-99.
Hogan WJ, Grinenco S, Armstrong A, et al. Fetal Cardiac Intervention for Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum: International Fetal Cardiac Intervention Registry. Fetal Diagn Ther 2020;47:731-739.
Rebizant B, Koleśnik A,Grzyb A, Chaberek K, et al. Fetal Cardiac Interventions—Are They Safe for the Mothers? J. Clin. Med. 2021; 10: 851.
Wohlmuth C, Tulzer G, Artz W, et al. Maternal aspects of fetal cardiac intervention. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44: 532-537.
Edwards LA, Justino H, Morris SA, et al. Controversy About a High-Risk and Innovative Fetal Cardiac Intervention. Pediatrics 2018;142(3),e20173595. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-3595 originally published online August 10, 2018;
Donofrio MT, Moon-Grady AJ, Hornberger LK, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Cardiac Disease A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;129:2183-2242.
Kovacevic A, Elsässer M, Fluhr H, et al. Counseling for fetal heart disease—current standards and best practice. Transl Pediatr 2021;10(8):2225-2234 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tp-20-181
