Bir Diş Ağrı Yaptığında
Özet
Ağrı, vücudu olası hasarlara karşı uyaran son derece karmaşık bir sistemdir ve ağrının hissedildiği bölge her zaman kaynağı ile aynı değildir. Kaynak bulunamadığında psikolojik sebeplere bağlanması yanıltıcı olabilir; zira ağrı bazen algılama sistemindeki değişikliklerden kaynaklanan kronik süreçlerin bir sonucudur. Bu nedenle orofasyal ağrılarda, diş hekimleri ağrının gerçek kaynağını teşhis etmek ve doğru tedavi yaklaşımını uygulamak için kilit bir role sahiptir.
Pain is a highly complex vital function that alerts the body to potential damage, but the location where pain is felt does not always coincide with its actual source. Attributing undiagnosed pain solely to psychological factors is often misleading, as it frequently stems from alterations in the perception system or persistent, minor chronic issues. Consequently, dentists play a crucial role in correctly diagnosing and managing orofacial pain, ensuring the underlying cause is addressed rather than just the symptom.
Referanslar
Aldemir T. (2000). Akut Ağrı Fizyopatolojisi. Ağrı. Ed.: Erdine, S. s. 111-119.
Alshuaib WB, Mathew MV. Vitamins C and E modulate neuronal potassium currents. J
Membr Biol. 2006 Apr;210(3):193-8. Epub 2006 Aug 14.
Amadasi A, Bertoldi M, Contestabile R et al. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate enzymes as targets for therapeutic agents. Curr. Med. Chem. 14(12),1291– 1324 (2007).
Anderson CT, Radford RJ, Zastrow ML et al. Modulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors by synaptic and tonic zinc. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.USA 112(20), E2705–E2714 (2015).
Avellán NL, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Forster C, Kemppainen P. Experimental tooth pain elevates substance P and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in human gingival crevice fluid. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008; 66:18–22.
Avellan NL, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Mäntylä P, Forster C, Kemppainen P. Painful tooth stimulation elevates matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels locally in human gingival crevicular fluid. J Dent Res. 2005; 84:335–9.
Aydın O. N. Ağrı ve Ağrı Mekanizmalarına Güncel Bakış ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2002; 3(2) : 37 - 48
Azad SC, Huge V, Schöps P, et al. Endogenous cannabinoid system. Effect on neu-ronal plasticity and pain memory. Schmerz. 2005; 19:521-7.
Babacan A. Ağrı, Ağrı Yolları ve Ağrılı Hastaya Yaklaşım
Büyükafşar K. Nitrik oksitin fizyolojik ve fizyopatolojik olaylardaki rolü. Türk Farmakoloji Derneği Farmakoloji Eğitim Sempozyumları. Nitrik oksidin farmakolojisi. Mersin, 2005. http://www.tfd.org.tr/mersin_kitap.pdf
Devor, M. (2000). Sinir Hasarıyla İlişkili Ağrı Mekanizmaları. AĞrı. Ed.: Erdine, S. s. 30-39.
Dikmen T, Orofacial Ağrılar ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri, Ege Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği FAK. Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı Bitirme Tezi, İzmir 2008
Elmacıoğlu M. A, .Kronik Ağrı Mekanizmaları, Nöralterapi ve Ortomoleküler Destek Tedavileri, Bilimsel Tamamlayıcı Tıp, Regülasyon ve Nöralterapi Dergisi Cilt 11, Sayı 1 : 2017 s:6-11
Erdine S., Ağrı Mekanizmaları, Klinik Gelişim; 2007 p:7-17
Erdine S: Ağrı Mekanizmaları ve Ağrıya Genel Yaklaşım, Ağrı 3.baskı. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, 2007, 37-49
Güvenç T. N, Aydınatay B.S, Kocadereli İ, Ortodontide Ağrı, SÜ Dişhek Fak Der, 2008;17:234-242
http://lokman.cu.edu.tr/anestezi/anestezinot/agri.htm
Keleshian VL, Kellom M, Kim HW et al. Neuropathological responses to chronic NMDA in rats are worsened by dietary n-3 PUFAdeprivation but are not ameliorated by fish oil supplementation. PLoS ONE 9(5), e95318 (2014).
Lamont, L.A. (2002). Feline perioperative pain management. J. Vet. Clin. Of North Am. 32:747-763.
Lamont, L.A., Tranouıllı J.W., Grımm K.A. (2000). Physiology of pain. J. Vet. Clin. Of North Am. 30(4):703-728.
Mehta A, Prabhakar M, Kumar P, Deshmukh R, Sharma PL. Excitotoxicity: bridge to various triggers in neurodegenerative disorders. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 698(1–3), 6–18(2013).
Nozaki C et al. Zinc alleviates pain through high-affinity binding to the NMDA receptor NR2A subunit. Nat Neurosci. 2011; 14(8):1017-22.
Melzack R, Casey KL: Sensory, motivational, and central control determinants of pain: a new conceptual model. In: Kenshalo D; ed. The skin senses. Springfield: Thomas; 1968: 423-443.
Meyer RA, Ringkamp M, Campbell JN, Raja SN: Peripheral mechanisms of cutaneous nociception. In: McMahon SB, Koltzenburg M; eds. Wall and Melzack’s Textbook of Pain. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2006.
Nazlıkul H, Nöralterapi, Nobel Kitapevi, İstanbul
Pace MC, Mazzariello L, Passavanti MB, Sansone P, Barbarisi M, Aurilio C: Neurobiology of pain. J Cell Physiol 2006; 209: 8-12.
Sandkühler, J.: Learning and memory in pain pathways. Pain 88 (2000) 113-118.
Savic Vujovic KR, Vuckovic S, Srebro D et al. A synergistic interaction between magnesium sulphate and ketamine on the inhibition of acute nociception in rats. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 19(13), 2503–2509 (2015).
Sessle, B./Greenwood, L.: Input to trigeminal brain stem neurons from facial, oral, tooth, pulp and pharyngolaryngeal tissues: 1. Response to innocuous and noxious stimuli. Brain Res. 117 (1976) 221-226.
Stefano L et al. Zinc in the physiology and pathology of the CNS. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10, 780-791 (November 2009)
Travel, J. G./Simons D. G.: Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction. The Trigger Point Manual. Williams & Wilkins 1982.
Yamaguchi M, Yoshii M, Kasai K. Relationship between substanceP and interleukin-1beta in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement in adults. Eur J Orthod. 2006; 28:241–6.
Yunus, M. B.: The concept of central sensitivity syndroms. In D. J. Wallace/ Clauw, D. J. (2005).
Wang JY, Wen LL, Huang YN, Chen YT, Ku MC. Dual effects of antioxidants in neurodegeneration: direct neuroprotection against oxidativestress and indirect protection via suppression of glia-mediated inflammation. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12(27), 3521–3533 (2006).
