Pandemi Sürecinde Türk Toplumunun Ruh Sağlığı ve Egzersizin Etkisi
Özet
Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemi sürecindeki sosyal kısıtlamalar altında Türk toplumunun ruh sağlığını ve egzersiz yapma ile bir hobiyle ilgilenmenin depresyon düzeyleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nisan 2021 tarihlerinde 18-83 yaş aralığındaki 786 katılımcıya (427 erkek, 359 kadın) Zung Depresyon Ölçeği uygulanarak gerçekleştirilen betimsel araştırmada; katılımcıların %44,4’ünün normal sınırlarda olduğu, %28,9’unun en hafif, %18,3’ünün orta-belirgin ve %8,4’ünün şiddetli düzeyde depresyon gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, erkeklerin kadınlara kıyasla, bekar bireylerin evlilere kıyasla ve evde kalma süresi daha fazla olan kişilerin anlamlı derecede daha yüksek depresyon skorlarına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca işsiz kalan ve geliri azalan bireylerde depresyon seviyeleri yüksek çıkarken, eğitim düzeyi ve yaş arttıkça depresyon düzeyinin düştüğü saptanmıştır. Sokağa çıkma kısıtlaması uygulanan büyükşehirlerde yaşayanlar ile kısıtlama bulunmayan küçük şehirlerde yaşayanlar arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Araştırmanın en göze çarpan bulgularından biri olarak, pandemi döneminde düzenli egzersiz yapan ve bir hobiyle uğraşan bireylerin depresyon skorlarının belirgin şekilde daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, salgın gibi olağanüstü kriz dönemlerinde toplumun ruh sağlığını korumak, stresi yönetmek ve depresif belirtileri azaltmak adına düzenli fiziksel aktivitelerin teşvik edilmesi, hobilere yönelinmesi ve ekonomik desteklerin sunulması büyük önem taşımaktadır.
This study aims to investigate the mental health of Turkish society under social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of exercise and engaging in a hobby on depression levels. In a descriptive research conducted in April 2021 by applying the Zung Depression Scale to 786 participants aged 18–83 (427 males, 359 females), it was determined that 44.4% of participants were within normal limits, 28.9% showed mild, 18.3% moderate-marked, and 8.4% severe depression symptoms. According to the findings, men compared to women, single individuals compared to married individuals, and those staying at home longer exhibited significantly higher depression scores. Furthermore, while depression levels were higher among individuals who became unemployed or experienced reduced income, depression levels decreased as education level and age increased. No statistically significant difference was found between those living in metropolitan cities with curfews and small cities without curfews. Notably, individuals who engaged in regular exercise and hobbies during the pandemic had significantly lower depression scores. In conclusion, during extraordinary crisis periods such as pandemics, encouraging regular physical activity, engaging in hobbies, and providing economic support are of great importance to preserve public mental health, manage stress, and reduce depressive symptoms.
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