Şizoid Kişilik Bozukluğunda Duygulanım: Sistematik Bir Derleme
Özet
Şizoid Kişilik Bozukluğu (ŞzKB) ile duygulanım süreçleri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen bu sistematik derleme çalışmasında, ilgili kavramların bütüncül olarak kısıtlı duygulanım ve haz alamama (anhedoni) özellikleri etrafında şekillendiği görülmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında Scopus, EbscoHost, Web of Science gibi çeşitli veri tabanları taranarak belirli kriterlere uyan, 2000-2022 yılları arasında yayımlanmış 21 ilişkisel ve karşılaştırmalı makale analize dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, ŞzKB özelliklerine sahip bireylerin empati düzeyleri ile aralarında anlamlı ve negatif bir korelasyon bulunduğunu; buna karşın, duyguları tanımlama ve ifade etmede yetersizlik olarak bilinen aleksitimi ile aralarında pozitif ve güçlü bir bağ olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Duygu düzenleme güçlüğü alt boyutlarından özellikle "farkındalık" ve "açıklık" eksikliklerinin şizoid özelliklerle doğrudan ilişkili olduğu ve bu kişilerin kendi duygusal tepkilerini anlamlandırmakta ciddi sorunlar yaşadıkları saptanmıştır. Anhedoni boyutu incelendiğinde, şizoid bireylerde sosyal anhedoninin çok belirgin olduğu ve bu durumun sosyal ayrışma ile geri çekilmeyi tetiklediği görülürken, fiziksel anhedoniye dair bulguların ise çelişkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Psikanalitik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde ise benlik gelişimindeki bölünmelerin ve "sahte benlik" savunmasının, bireyin dış dünyayla sağlıklı köprüler kurmasını engelleyerek apatik, empatiden yoksun ve aleksitimik bir klinik tablonun ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırladığı tartışılmaktadır.
This systematic review examines the relationship between Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD) and affective processes, demonstrating that related concepts fundamentally revolve around restricted affect and the inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia). Within the scope of the study, various databases including Scopus, EbscoHost, and Web of Science were searched, and 21 correlational and comparative articles published between 2000 and 2022 that met specific criteria were included in the analysis. The findings reveal a significant negative correlation between SPD traits and empathy levels, whereas a strong positive link is observed with alexithymia, defined as the inability to identify and express emotions. Among the subdimensions of emotion dysregulation, deficits in "awareness" and "clarity" are directly associated with schizoid features, indicating that these individuals experience severe difficulties in making sense of their emotional responses. When evaluating the anhedonia dimension, it is observed that social anhedonia is highly prominent in schizoid individuals, triggering social detachment and withdrawal, while findings regarding physical anhedonia remain contradictory. Within the framework of psychoanalytic approaches, it is discussed that developmental splits in self-construction and the "false self" defense mechanism prevent the individual from establishing healthy bridges with the external world, thereby paving the way for an apathetic, non-empathetic, and alexithymic clinical picture.
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