İşitme Kayıplı Çocukların Dil, Konuşma ve İletişim Özellikleri
Özet
İşitme kaybı, çocukların dil, konuşma ve iletişim becerilerinin edinimini olumsuz etkileyen önemli bir konjenital anomalidir. Doğumsal işitme kaybı işitsel yoksunluğa yol açarak beyin plastisitesini azaltmakta ve dil gelişiminde yaşanan gecikmeler tüm gelişim alanlarını ve yaşam kalitesini ciddi şekilde etkilemektedir. Dilin semantik, sentaks, fonoloji ve pragmatik bileşenleri işitsel becerilerle bağlantılı olduğundan, işitme kaybı olan çocuklarda sözcük dağarcığında yavaş gelişme, kısa cümle kurma, konuşma anlaşılırlığında bozulma ve iletişim döngülerini başlatmada güçlükler gözlenir. Yenidoğan İşitme Tarama Protokolü sayesinde sağlanan erken tanı, uygun cihazlandırma ve erken dönem koklear implantasyon uygulamaları, çocukların işitsel deneyim kazanmalarını destekleyerek dil gelişimlerini ve akademik başarılarını normal işiten akranlarının düzeyine yaklaştırmaktadır.
Hearing loss is a significant congenital anomaly that negatively impacts the acquisition of language, speech, and communication skills in children. Congenital hearing loss causes auditory deprivation, reducing brain plasticity, and delays in language development severely affect all areas of development and quality of life. Since the semantic, syntactic, phonological, and pragmatic components of language are linked to auditory skills, children with hearing loss exhibit slow vocabulary growth, short sentence production, impaired speech intelligibility, and difficulties in initiating communication cycles. Early diagnosis provided by the Newborn Hearing Screening Protocol, appropriate amplification, and early cochlear implantation support children in gaining auditory experience, thereby bringing their language development and academic success close to the performance of their normally hearing peers.
Referanslar
Cankuvvet Aykut, N. Yenidoğan İşitme tarama programı: Neden önemli ve neredeyiz? Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2018; 3 (cilt:22):85-98.
Tye-Murray, N. (2020). Aural Rehabilitation: Children, Adults,and Their Family Members. (Fifth edition).San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing.
Sundström S. (2018). Prosodic and Phonological Ability in Children with Developmental Language Disorder and Children with Hearing Impairment. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden.
Cole, E. B., & Flexer, C. A. (2020). Children with hearing loss: Developing listening and talking, birth to six. (Fourth ed.). San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing.
Clinical practice guideline, report of the recommendations, hearing loss:Assessment and intervention for young children (Age 0-3 years). (2007). State Department of health dıvısıon of family health bureau of early intervention. (02/01/2022 tarihinde https://www.health.ny.gov/community/infants_children/early_intervention/docs/guidelines_hearing_loss_recommendations.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Owens, R.E.(2012). Language development: An introduction. (Eighth edition). New Jersey: Pearson Pearson Education, Inc.
Hull, R. H. (2021). Introduction to Aural rehabilitation:Serving children and adults. (Third edition). San Diego,CA: Plural Publishing.
Topbaş, S., Maviş, İ. (2020). Dil ve konuşma terapisi İngilizce-Türkçe terimler sözlüğü (1.Basım, pp:1-167). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Turan, F., Şapal, R.F. İşitme engelli çocuklarda dil gelişimi. Eğitim Bilimleri ve Uygulama, 2006;5:95-110.
Eskridge, H., Wilson, K.(2015). Language assessment of hearing loss. In Bradham T.S and Houston K.T, (Eds.), Assessing listening and spoken language in children with hearing loss(pp.133-155). San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing, Inc.
Bleile, M.K. (2004). Manual of articulation and phonological disorders:Infancy through adulthood.Clinical Competence Series. Australia:Thomson Delmar.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Effects of hearing loss on development. ASHA Audiology Information Series 2015;10802.
Spencer, P.E., Marschark, M.(2005) Advances in the spoken language development of deaf and hard-of-hearing children. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Bergeson, T.R., Houston, D.M., Miyamoto, R. Effects of congenital hearing loss and cochlear implantation on audiovisual speech perception in infants and children. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 2010;28:157–65. Doi: 10.3233/RNN-2010-0522
Houston, D.M., Stewart, J., Moberly, A., et all. Word learning in deaf children with cochlear implants: Effects of early auditory experience. Developmental Science, 2012;15:448–61. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01140.x
Wilstedt-Svensson, U., Lofqvist, A., Almqvist, B., et all. Is age at implant the only factor that counts? The influence of working memory on lexical and grammatical development in children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Audiology, 2004;43:506–15.Doi: 10.1080/14992020400050065
Pittman, A.L. Short-term word-learning rate in children with normal hearing and children with hearing loss in limited and extended high-frequency bandwidths. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2008;51:785–97. Doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/056)
Lund E, Douglas W.M, Schuele C.M. Semantic richness and word learning in children with hearing loss who are developing spoken language: A single case design study. Deafness &Education International, 2015;17;(3):163-175. Doi: 10.1179/1557069X15Y.0000000004
Cannon, J.E., Kirby, S. Grammar structures and deaf and hard of hearing students: A review of past performance and a report of new findings. American Annals of the Deaf , 2013;158(3);292-310. Doi: 10.1353/aad.2013.0027
Schow, R.L., Nerbonne, M.A. (2017). Introduction to audiologic rehabilitation (Seventh ed.). USA: Pearson.
Paterson MM, Perigoe CB.(2015). Speech production assessment In Bradham T.S and Houston K.T, (Eds.), Assessing listening and spoken language in children with hearing loss (pp.93-132). San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing, Inc.
McGowan RS, Nittrouer S, Chenausky K. Speech production in 12-month-old children with and without hearing loss. Journal of Speech-Language-Hearing Research, 2008;51(4);879-888. Doi: 10.1353/aad.2013.0027
Elfenbein JL, Hardin-Jones MA, Davis JM. Oral Communication Skills of Children Who Are Hard of Hearing. JSLHR, 1994;37(Platformu):216-226. Doi:10.1044/jshr.3701.216
World Health Organization. (2016). Childhood hearıng loss act now, Here’s how! Geneva,Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services. ( 02/01/2022 tarihinde http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/world-hearing-day/WHD2016_Brochure_EN_2.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Year 2019 Position Statement:Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention, 2019; 4(2), 1-44. Doi: 10.15142/fptk-b748
Tait, M., De Raeve, L., Nikolopoulos, T.P. Deaf children with cochlear implants before the age of 1 year: Comparison of preverbal communication with normally hearing children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2007; 71:1605-1611. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.07.003
Svirsky, M.A., Teah, S.W., Neuburger, H. Development of language and speech perception in congenitally, profoundly deaf children as a function of age at cochlear implantation. Audiol Neurootol, 2004;9:224-233. Doi: 10.1159/000078392
Svirsky, M.A., Robbins, A.M., Kirk, K.I., et all. Language development ın profoundly deaf chıldren wıth cochlear implants. American Psychological Society, 2000; 11(2);153-158. Doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00231
Levine, D., Strother-Garcia K., Golinkoff, R.M.,Hirsh-Pasek, K. Language development in the first year of life: what deaf children might be missing before cochlear implantation. Otol Neurotol, 2016;37;e56-e62. Doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000908
Tait, M., Lutman, M.E., Nikolopoulos, T.P. Communication development in young deaf children:review of the video analysis method. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2001; 61:105-112. Doi: 10.1016/s0165-5876(01)00494-3
