Molar Distalizasyonu
Özet
Molar distalizasyonu, dentoalveolar anomalisi bulunan bireylerde yer darlıklarını gidermek amacıyla maksiller azı dişlerinin arkaya doğru hareket ettirilmesi işlemidir ve diş çekiminin yüz profilindeki olumsuz etkilerini önlemek için sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu amaçla ağız dışı (headgear) ve ağız içi apareyler kullanılmakla birlikte; ağız dışı araçların hasta uyumu gerektirmesi, yaralanma ve irritasyon riskleri nedeniyle sabit, sürekli kuvvet uygulayan ağız içi apareylerin kullanımı artmıştır. Ancak geleneksel ağız içi sistemlerde, reaktif kuvvetler sebebiyle destek dişlerde mezial kayma ve devrilme gibi ankraj kayıpları yaşanmaktadır. Bu dezavantajı aşmak adına araştırmacılar, osseointegre implantlar, mini plaklar ve son yıllarda kullanım kolaylığı ile öne çıkan mini vidalar gibi iskeletsel ankraj ünitelerini devreye sokmuştur. İskeletsel ankraj, hasta kooperasyonuna ihtiyacı azaltarak ankraj kaybı olmaksızın gövdesel distalizasyon sağlanmasına, tedavi süresinin kısalmasına ve ortodontik başarı oranının artmasına olanak tanımıştır.
Maxillary molar distalization is a procedure used to move maxillary molars posteriorly to resolve crowding in patients with dentoalveolar anomalies, often preferred to avoid the negative effects of tooth extraction on the facial profile. Although extraoral (headgear) and intraoral appliances are utilized for this purpose, the use of fixed, continuous force-delivery intraoral appliances has increased due to patient compliance issues and the risk of injury or irritation associated with extraoral devices. However, traditional intraoral systems experience anchorage loss, such as mesial movement and tipping of supporting teeth, due to reactive forces. To overcome this disadvantage, researchers have introduced skeletal anchorage units, including osseointegrated implants, miniplates, and miniscrews, which have recently gained popularity for their ease of use. Skeletal anchorage minimizes the need for patient cooperation, enables bodily distalization without anchorage loss, shortens treatment duration, and enhances the success rate of orthodontic treatment.
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