Geçici Ankraj Aygıtı Destekli Ortodontik Apareyler
Özet
Ankraj kontrolü ortodontik tedavinin başarısında kritik bir rol oynamakta olup, geleneksel ağız içi ve ağız dışı yöntemlerin hasta uyumu gereksinimi ve ankraj kaybı gibi dezavantajları ortodontistleri geçici ankraj aygıtı (GAA) destekli mekaniklere yönlendirmiştir. Bu kapsamda geliştirilen geçici ankraj aygıtı destekli ortodontik apareyler; Forsus, Twin-Force, Jasper-Jumper ve Herbst gibi sabit fonksiyonel apareylerin yanı sıra Pendulum, Keleş Slider, Distal Jet, Pal-Distalizer, Frog ve Beneslider gibi molar distalizasyon apareylerini içermektedir. Ayrıca MICRO, MARPE, Hibrit Hyrax ve Keles Keyless Expander gibi hızlı üst çene genişletme apareyleri ile Ters Forsus ve Mesialslider gibi farklı amaçlara hizmet eden sistemler de literatürde yer almaktadır. Bu iskeletsel ankraj üniteleri, dişlerin istenmeyen yönde devrilmesini ve protrüzyonunu en aza indirerek stabiliteyi artırmakta, hastanın kooperasyon ihtiyacını azaltmakta ve aynı hastada birden fazla amaçla (genişletme, distalizasyon ve indirekt ankraj gibi) ardışık olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Günümüzde GAA destekli bu apareylerin neredeyse tamamı dijital diş hekimliğinin sağladığı imkanlarla sanal ortamda planlanıp 3 boyutlu tasarım ve CAD/CAM sistemleri aracılığıyla kişiye özel, hassas ve rijit yapılar olarak üretilerek klinisyene büyük kolaylık ve hasta konforu sağlamaktadır.
Orthodontic anchorage control plays a critical role in treatment success, and the drawbacks of conventional intraoral and extraoral methods, such as compliance reliance and anchorage loss, have driven orthodontists toward temporary anchorage device (TAD) supported mechanics. Orthodontic appliances developed within this scope include TAD-supported fixed functional appliances like Forsus, Twin-Force, Jasper-Jumper, and Herbst, as well as molar distalization appliances including Pendulum, Keleş Slider, Distal Jet, Pal-Distalizer, Frog, and Beneslider. Additionally, rapid maxillary expansion appliances such as MICRO, MARPE, Hybrid Hyrax, and Keles Keyless Expander, along with systems serving different purposes like Inverted Forsus and Mesialslider, are detailed in the literature. These skeletal anchorage units maximize skeletal effects while minimizing unwanted dental tipping and protrusion, reduce the need for patient cooperation, and can be utilized consecutively for multiple purposes in the same patient, such as expansion, distalization, and indirect anchorage. Today, almost all of these TAD-supported appliances can be virtually planned with digital dentistry techniques and manufactured precisely and rigidly as patient-specific structures via 3D design and CAD/CAM systems, providing great convenience to the clinician and enhancing patient comfort.
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