Flor Salınımı Yapan Materyallerde Güncel Gelişmeler
Özet
Diş çürüğü dünya genelinde yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunu olup, demineralizasyon sürecinde pH düşüşüyle mineral kaybı yaşanırken, florür iyonlarının varlığı remineralizasyonu teşvik etmekte ve antikaryojenik etkileriyle sekonder çürükleri önlemektedir. Klinik başarı için restoratif materyal seçimi büyük önem taşımakta ve günümüzde cam iyonomerler, rezin modifiye cam iyonomer simanlar, kompomerler, karbomerler, giomerler ve kompozit rezinler gibi birçok materyal ağız ortamına florür salınımı yapmaktadır. En yüksek florür salınımını geleneksel cam iyonomerler ilk 24 saatteki hızlı çözünmeyle gerçekleştirirken, rezin modifikasyonları mekanik özellikleri iyileştirse de flor salınımını sınırlandırmaktadır. Kompomerler ve giomerler ise kompozitlerin estetik ve mekanik avantajları ile cam iyonomerlerin florür özelliklerini birleştirmeyi hedefler; ancak asit-baz reaksiyonunun olmaması veya su absorpsiyon yapısı nedeniyle flor salınımları geleneksel simanlara kıyasla daha sınırlıdır. Yeni nesil nanoyapılı karbomerler ve kalsiyum florür nanopartikülleri içeren kompozitler ise fluorapatit birikimini artırarak diş yapısını güçlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Florür salınım hızını numunenin yüzey alanı, pörözitesi, karıştırma yöntemi, rezin matrisi ile saklanan ortamın pH'ı, sıcaklığı ve yapay tükürüğün iyonik bileşimi gibi faktörler doğrudan etkilemektedir. Güncel materyaller formülasyon açısından karmaşıklaşsa da, uzun dönemli klinik çalışmaların eksikliği nedeniyle biyoaktivitelerinin tam olarak doğrulanması hastalar açısından önem taşımaktadır.
Dental caries is a widespread public health problem globally; during the demineralization process, mineral loss occurs with a decrease in pH, whereas the presence of fluoride ions promotes remineralization and prevents secondary caries through its anticariogenic effects. The selection of restorative materials is of great importance for clinical success, and today, many materials such as glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomer cements, compomers, carbomers, giomers, and composite resins release fluoride into the oral environment. While conventional glass ionomers exhibit the highest fluoride release through rapid dissolution in the first 24 hours, resin modifications improve mechanical properties but limit fluoride release. Compomers and giomers aim to combine the aesthetic and mechanical advantages of composites with the fluoride properties of glass ionomers; however, due to the absence of an acid-base reaction or their water absorption structure, their fluoride release is more limited compared to conventional cements. New generation nanostructured carbomers and composites containing calcium fluoride nanoparticles aim to strengthen the tooth structure by increasing fluorapatite deposition. The rate of fluoride release is directly affected by factors such as the surface area, porosity, mixing method, and resin matrix of the specimen, as well as the pH, temperature of the storage medium, and the ionic composition of artificial saliva. Although contemporary materials have become formulaically complex, full verification of their bioactivity and clinical efficacy is crucial for patients due to the lack of long-term studies.
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