Trombositopenili Obstetrik Hastalarda Nöroaksiyel Yaklaşım

Özet

Trombositopenili obstetrik hastalarda nöroaksiyel yaklaşım, spinal epidural hematom riski nedeniyle anestezi yönetiminde kritik bir denge gerektirir. Gebelerin yaklaşık %12'sinde görülen trombositopeni, trombosit sayısının 100.000/microL'nin altında olmasıyla tanımlanır. Nöroaksiyel işlemler öncesinde karar verilirken hasta komorbiditeleri, genel anestezi riskleri ve hava yolu durumu gibi faktörler titizlikle değerlendirilmelidir. Güncel rehberler ve uzman görüşleri, trombosit sayısı 70.000/microL'nin üzerinde olan ve kanama öyküsü bulunmayan hastalarda nöroaksiyel tekniklerin güvenle uygulanabileceğini, bu eşikte epidural hematom riskinin çok düşük olduğunu belirtmektedir. Trombosit sayısı 50.000-70.000/microL arasında olan hastalarda spinal teknikler epidurale tercih edilebilirken, 50.000/microL'nin altındaki değerlerde bu işlemlerden kaçınılmalıdır. HELLP sendromu gibi tablolarda trombosit sayısındaki hızlı düşüş nedeniyle işlemden önceki 6 saat içinde güncel ölçüm yapılması kritiktir. PT, aPTT ve TEG gibi ek testlerin rutin kullanımı için yeterli kanıt bulunmamakla birlikte, klinik tabloya göre bireysel karar verilmelidir. Profilaktik trombosit transfüzyonu, 20.000-50.000/microL arasındaki değerlerde risk-yarar analiziyle düşünülmelidir.

The neuraxial approach in obstetric patients with thrombocytopenia requires a critical balance in anesthesia management due to the risk of spinal epidural hematoma. Thrombocytopenia, seen in approximately 12% of pregnant women, is defined as a platelet count below 100,000/microL. When deciding on neuraxial procedures, factors such as patient comorbidities, general anesthesia risks, and airway status must be meticulously evaluated. Current guidelines and expert opinions state that neuraxial techniques can be safely performed in patients with a platelet count above 70,000/microL and no history of bleeding, noting that the risk of epidural hematoma is very low at this threshold. In patients with platelet counts between 50,000 and 70,000/microL, spinal techniques may be preferred over epidural ones, while these procedures should be avoided for values below 50,000/microL. Due to the rapid decline in platelet counts in conditions like HELLP syndrome, obtaining a measurement within 6 hours prior to the procedure is critical. While there is insufficient evidence for the routine use of additional tests such as PT, aPTT, and TEG, individual decisions should be made based on the clinical presentation. Prophylactic platelet transfusion should be considered for values between 20,000 and 50,000/microL following a risk-benefit analysis.

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Gelecek

26 Mart 2022

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