Crohn Hastalığı
Özet
Crohn hastalığı, gastrointestinal kanalın herhangi bir bölümünü segmental, asimetrik ve transmural olarak tutabilen, alevlenme ve remisyonlarla seyreden kronik inflamatuar bir bağırsak hastalığıdır. Etiyolojisi net olmamakla birlikte, genetik olarak yatkın bireylerde çevresel faktörlere karşı gelişen abartılı bağışıklık yanıtı ve sitokin dengesizliği temel patofizyolojik mekanizma olarak öne çıkmaktadır. En sık terminal ileum yerleşimli olup, abdominal ağrı, diyare, kilo kaybı ve perianal lezyonlarla klinik gösterebilir. Tanı; klinik, endoskopik, histopatolojik ve radyolojik bulguların entegrasyonuyla konur. Kesin bir tedavisi olmamakla birlikte, immunomodülatörler ve anti-TNF gibi biyolojik ajanlar içeren medikal tedaviler inflamasyonu baskılamada ve remisyon sağlamada etkilidir; darlık veya fistül gibi komplikasyonlarda cerrahi müdahale gerekir.
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by asymmetric and transmural involvement that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, presenting with exacerbations and remissions. Although its etiology remains unclear, an exaggerated immune response to environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals and cytokine imbalance are the primary pathophysiological mechanisms. Most commonly localized in the terminal ileum, it presents clinically with abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and perianal lesions. Diagnosis is established through the integration of clinical, endoscopic, histopathological, and radiological findings. While there is no definitive cure, medical treatments including immunomodulators and biological agents like anti-TNF are effective in suppressing inflammation and maintaining remission; surgical intervention is required for complications such as strictures or fistulas.
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