Ortopedi ve Travmatolojide Beslenme
Özet
Ortopedi ve travmatoloji hastalarında beslenmenin, malnütrisyonun ve mikrobesinlerin immün sistem ile iyileşme süreçleri üzerindeki kritik etkileri incelenmektedir. Malnütrisyon, ortopedik cerrahi sonrası mobilizasyonu geciktirmekte ve protein eksikliği kırık iyileşmesinde kallus kalitesini düşürmektedir. İmmün sistemin güçlendirilmesi ve enfeksiyonlara karşı direnç için proteinlerin yanı sıra A, B, C, D, E vitaminleri ile çinko ve selenyum gibi eser elementlerin dengeli alımı; kolajen sentezi, kas gücü ve kemik metabolizması açısından hayati önem taşır. Özellikle geriatrik, onkolojik ve travma hastalarında cerrahi stres katabolik süreçleri tetikleyerek albümin seviyelerini düşürmekte, komplikasyon riskini ve hastanede kalış süresini artırmaktadır. Bu olumsuz etkileri en aza indirmek için preoperatif açlık sürelerinin kısa tutulması, bağırsak fonksiyonları korunduğu sürece erken enteral beslenmeye geçilmesi ve ERAS protokollerinin uygulanması cerrahi başarıyı, hasta konforunu ve iyileşme hızını doğrudan optimize etmektedir.
In orthopedic and traumatology patients, the critical effects of nutrition, malnutrition, and micronutrients on the immune system and healing processes are examined. Malnutrition delays mobilization after orthopedic surgery, and protein deficiency reduces callus quality in fracture healing. For strengthening the immune system and resistance to infections, a balanced intake of proteins as well as vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and trace elements such as zinc and selenium is of vital importance for collagen synthesis, muscle strength, and bone metabolism. Especially in geriatric, oncological, and trauma patients, surgical stress triggers catabolic processes, lowering albumin levels and increasing the risk of complications and hospital stay. To minimize these adverse effects, keeping preoperative fasting periods short, transitioning to early enteral nutrition as long as intestinal functions are preserved, and implementing ERAS protocols directly optimize surgical success, patient comfort, and recovery speed.
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