Griscelli Sendromlu Pediyatrik Olguda Anestezi Yönetimi
Özet
Griscelli sendromu (GS) nadir görülen otozomal resesif bir hastalıktır. Bu sendromlu çocuklar kısmi albinizm, gümüş grisi saç gibi fenotipik özelliklere sahiptir. Sendromun nörolojik ve hematolojik bozukluklara ve immün yetmezliğe sahip olabilen alt tipleri de vardır. Sendromun nadir olması nedeniyle anestezi yönetimi belirsizdir. Bu yazıda, genel anestezi ile frontal sinüs fraktürü cerrahisi geçiren GS'li bir çocuk hastanın perioperatif anestezi yönetimi ele alınmıştır. Griscelli sendromu tanılı hasta 9.5 kg (50-75 persentil (p)) ağırlığında ve 70 cm (3-10 p) boyunda 10 aylık bir erkek çocuktu. Hastanın anne-babası ikinci derece akrabaydı ve hastanın 2 kardeş ölümü öyküsü vardı. İlk erkek kardeşinin ölüm nedeni bilinmezken, ikinci kardeşine GS teşhisi konmuştu. Hastanın vital bulguları normaldi ve fizik muayenesinde saçlarının, kirpik ve kaşlarının gri olması dışında bir özellik yoktu. Fizik muayenede hepatosplenomegali saptanmadı ve laboratuvar sonuçlarında herhangi bir anormallik yoktu. Hastada anestezi indüksiyonu ve idamesi inhalasyon ajanı olan sevofluran ile sağlandı. Nöromüsküler blokaj için roküronyum bromür (0.5 mg kg-1) kullanıldı ve ardından endotrakeal entübasyon uygulandı. Cerrahi işlem 1 saat sürdü ve toplam sıvı uygulaması 100 mL %0.9 sodyum klorür ile sağlandı. Nöromüsküler blokaj neostigmin ve atropin ile antagonize edilerek ekstübe edildi ve yakın gözlem amaçlı yoğun bakıma alındı. Griscelli sendromlu çocuklarda hemofagositik sendrom da görülebileceğinden, ameliyat öncesi laboratuvar sonuçları dikkatle incelenmeli, fizik muayene detaylıca yapılmalıdır. Trombositlerde granül olmaması nedeniyle operasyon sırasında ve sonrasında kanama riski göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Children with this syndrome present with phenotypic features such as partial albinism and silvery-gray hair. The syndrome also has subtypes that may involve neurological and hematological disorders, as well as immunodeficiency. Due to the rarity of the syndrome, its anesthetic management remains uncertain. In this article, the perioperative anesthetic management of a pediatric patient with GS who underwent frontal sinus fracture surgery under general anesthesia is discussed.The patient diagnosed with Griscelli syndrome was a 10-month-old boy weighing 9.5 kg (50th-75th percentile (p)) and measuring 70 cm (3rd-10th p) in height. The patient's parents were second-degree relatives, and there was a history of two sibling deaths. While the cause of death of the first brother was unknown, the second sibling had been diagnosed with GS. The patient's vital signs were normal, and his physical examination was unremarkable except for gray hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows. No hepatosplenomegaly was detected on physical examination, and laboratory results showed no abnormalities.Anesthesia induction and maintenance in the patient were achieved with the inhalation agent sevoflurane. Rocuronium bromide ($0.5\text{ mg kg}^{-1}$) was used for neuromuscular blockade, followed by endotracheal intubation. The surgical procedure lasted 1 hour, and total fluid administration was maintained with 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. Neuromuscular blockade was reversed with neostigmine and atropine, after which the patient was extubated and transferred to the intensive care unit for close observation.Since hemophagocytic syndrome can also be seen in children with Griscelli syndrome, preoperative laboratory results should be carefully evaluated, and a detailed physical examination should be performed. Due to the absence of granules in platelets, the risk of bleeding during and after the operation must be taken into consideration.
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