Çevrimiçi Alışveriş Bağımlılığı
Özet
Teknoloji ve internetin hızlı gelişimi, geleneksel alışveriş alışkanlıklarını dijital platformlara taşıyarak hayatı kolaylaştırırken, aşırı kullanım durumunda bireyler için yıkıcı bir faaliyet olan "Çevrimiçi Alışveriş Bağımlılığı" kavramını ortaya çıkarmıştır. İlk olarak Emil Kraepelin tarafından "oniomania" olarak adlandırılan alışveriş bağımlılığı, internet sitelerinin pratikliği, zaman ve maliyet avantajları ile dijital ortama taşınmış ve kontrol edilemeyen meşguliyet ile tekrarlayan satın alma arzusuyla karakterize kronik bir davranışsal bozukluğa dönüşmüştür. Bireyler ihtiyaç duydukları için değil; düşük benlik saygısı, yalnızlık, anksiyete, depresyon ve stres gibi olumsuz duygusal durumlardan kaçınmak, anlık haz ve eğlenceye ulaşmak amacıyla dürtüsel olarak alışverişe yönelmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar; kadın olmanın, yüksek gelir düzeyinin, düşük öz düzenlemenin ve finansal okuryazarlık eksikliğinin bu bağımlılığı artırdığını, nevrotiklik ve dışadönüklük gibi kişilik özelliklerinin de risk faktörleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Alışveriş bağımlılığı olan kişilerde duygudurum, anksiyete, kişilik, dürtü kontrol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları gibi psikiyatrik eş tanılar genel topluma göre daha yüksek oranda görülmektedir. Satın alma anında geçici bir rahatlama ve mutluluk yaşansa da sonrasında suçluluk, pişmanlık ve ekonomik sıkıntılar ortaya çıkmakta, bu durum bireyin sosyal ve günlük yaşamını baltalamaktadır.
While technological advancements and internet expansion facilitate life by shifting shopping to digital platforms, excessive use has given rise to "Online Shopping Addiction," a destructive activity for individuals. Initially termed "oniomania" by Emil Kraepelin, shopping addiction has transitioned to the digital environment through website practicality, time, and cost advantages, evolving into a chronic behavioral disorder characterized by uncontrollable preoccupation and repetitive buying desires. Individuals engage in impulsive shopping not out of utility but to escape negative emotional states such as low self-esteem, loneliness, anxiety, depression, and stress, or to achieve instant pleasure and hedonic entertainment. Research indicates that being female, having higher income, low self-regulation, and lacking financial literacy increase this addiction, while personality traits like neuroticism and extraversion serve as significant risk factors. Psychiatric comorbidities—including mood, anxiety, personality, impulse control, and substance use disorders—are reported at much higher rates among compulsive shoppers than the general population. Although buying behavior induces temporary relief and euphoria, it is intensely followed by guilt, regret, and financial distress, ultimately undermining the individual's social and daily life.
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