Hikikomori
Özet
Hikikomori terimi, ilk kez 1998'de Tamaki Saito tarafından, herhangi bir psikopatolojik neden olmaksızın en az altı ay boyunca kendilerini evlerine veya odalarına kapatarak toplumsal izolasyon yaşayan kişileri tanımlamak amacıyla kullanılan Japonca bir kavramdır. Hem bu olguyu hem de etkilenen bireyleri ifade eden terim, adölesan ve erişkinlerin sosyal hayatı ve iletişimi tamamen reddetmesini içerir. Hikikomoriler, evden hiç çıkmayan "esaslı" ve kütüphane veya alışveriş gibi kısıtlı sosyal faaliyetler için dışarı çıkabilen "hafif" olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılır. Küreselleşme, yoğun eğitim-istihdam rekabeti, aile içi uyumsuzluklar ve teknolojik ilerlemeler gibi faktörlerin tetiklediği bu durum, internet bağımlılığı ile karşılıklı olarak birbirini beslemektedir. Başlangıçta Japonya'ya özgü bir kültür sendromu olarak düşünülse de, İspanya, Güney Kore, Kanada ve Türkiye gibi birçok ülkede benzer vakaların görülmesi, sorunun küresel boyutunu ortaya koymaktadır. Şizofreni, majör depresyon, anksiyete, obezite, hipertansiyon ve uyku bozuklukları gibi birçok psikiyatrik ve fiziksel sağlık sorunuyla doğrudan ilişkili olan hikikomori sürecinde, bireylerin hareketsiz yaşam tarzı nedeniyle yaşam kaliteleri ciddi oranda düşmektedir. Bu durumun önlenmesi ve bireylerin yeniden topluma kazandırılması adına ruh sağlığı merkezleri, aile danışmanlığı, ev ziyaretleri, akran destek grupları ve alternatif terapötik yaklaşımları içeren kapsamlı klinik ve sosyal yönetim planlarının uygulanması büyük önem taşımaktadır.
The term hikikomori is a Japanese concept first used by Tamaki Saito in 1998 to describe individuals who isolate themselves in their homes or rooms for at least six months without any underlying psychopathological cause. Referring to both the phenomenon and the affected individuals, the term involves adolescents and adults completely rejecting social life and communication. Hikikomori are classified into two groups: "hardcore," who never leave their homes, and "soft," who can go out for limited social activities such as visiting libraries or shopping centers. Triggered by factors like globalization, intense academic and employment competition, domestic maladjustment, and technological advancements, this condition mutually reinforces internet addiction. Although initially considered a culture-bound syndrome specific to Japan, the presence of similar cases in many countries like Spain, South Korea, Canada, and Turkey demonstrates the global scale of the problem. Directly associated with numerous psychiatric and physical health issues such as schizophrenia, major depression, anxiety, obesity, hypertension, and sleep disorders, the sedentary lifestyle of these individuals significantly reduces their quality of life. In order to prevent this condition and reintegrate individuals into society, it is of great importance to implement comprehensive clinical and social management plans that include mental health centers, family counseling, home visits, peer support groups, and alternative therapeutic approaches.
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