Prediyabet
Özet
Prediyabet, plazma glukoz seviyelerinin normalden yüksek olduğu ancak diyabet tanı kriterlerine ulaşmadığı, diyabete ilerleme oranı %70 olan klinik bir durumdur. Bozulmuş açlık glukozu (APG 100-125 mg/dL), bozulmuş glukoz toleransı (OGTT 2. saat 140-199 mg/dL) veya HbA1c düzeyinin %5.7-6.4 arasında olmasıyla teşhis edilir. Hızlı kentleşme, sedanter yaşam ve obezite nedeniyle prevalansı Türkiye'de %30.4'e yükselmiştir. Hastalık; mikrovasküler ve makrovasküler komplikasyonlar, kardiyovasküler risk artışı, nefropati ve metabolik sendrom ile yakından ilişkilidir. Tedavisinde kalori kısıtlaması, lifli beslenme ve haftada en az 150 dakika egzersizi içeren yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri (YTD) esastır; yüksek riskli hastalarda ise metformin veya pioglitazon gibi farmakolojik tedaviler uygulanır. Ayrıca, COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun seyrini ağırlaştırdığı gözlenmiştir.
Prediabetes is a clinical condition characterized by plasma glucose levels that are higher than normal but do not meet the criteria for diabetes, carrying a 70% progression rate to diabetes. It is diagnosed by impaired fasting glucose (FPG 100-125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (2-hour OGTT 140-199 mg/dL), or an HbA1c level between 5.7-6.4%. Due to rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, its prevalence has risen to 30.4% in Turkey. The disease is closely associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, increased cardiovascular risk, nephropathy, and metabolic syndrome. Its treatment is based on lifestyle modifications, including calorie restriction, fibrous diet, and at least 150 minutes of exercise per week; pharmacological treatments such as metformin or pioglitazone are initiated in high-risk patients. Additionally, it has been observed to worsen the course of COVID-19 infection.
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