Diyabet Epidemiyolojisi
Özet
Diyabetes mellitus, insülin salınımı veya etkisindeki bozukluklar nedeniyle gelişen ve kronik hiperglisemi ile karakterize heterojen metabolik bir hastalıktır. Küresel diyabet prevalansı obezite, sedanter yaşam tarzı, batı tipi beslenme ve nüfusun yaşlanması gibi çevresel ve sosyal faktörlere bağlı olarak hızla artmaktadır. Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu (UDF) 2021 verilerine göre dünyada 536,6 milyon diyabet hastası bulunmakta olup, bu sayının 2045 yılında 783,2 milyona ulaşacağı öngörülmektedir. Türkiye, %14,5'lik yaşa standardize diyabet prevalansı ile Avrupa ülkeleri arasında ilk sırada yer almakta ve 9 milyon hastaya ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Hastalığın asemptomatik seyri nedeniyle tanı konulmamış vakaların oranı oldukça yüksektir. Erken tanı; makrovasküler ve mikrovasküler komplikasyonların önlenmesinde kritik bir role sahip olup, risk grubundaki bireylerin açlık plazma glukozu, HbA1c veya OGTT gibi yöntemlerle taranması ve yaşam tarzı değişikliklerine yönlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. The global prevalence of diabetes is rising rapidly due to environmental and social factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, Western-style diet, and an aging population. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2021 data, there are 536.6 million people with diabetes globally, a figure projected to reach 783.2 million by 2045. Turkey ranks first among European countries with an age-standardized diabetes prevalence of 14.5%, hosting 9 million patients. Due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease, the rate of undiagnosed cases remains significantly high. Early diagnosis plays a critical role in preventing macrovascular and microvascular complications, and it is recommended to screen high-risk individuals using fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, or OGTT, followed by lifestyle interventions.
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