Diyabet ve Akciğer Sağlığı
Özet
Bu derleme, diabetes mellitusun akciğer sağlığı üzerindeki proinflamatuar, proliferatif ve oksidatif etkilerini klinik ve epidemiyolojik verilerle incelemektedir. Diyabet; astım, KOAH, idiyopatik pulmoner fibroz (İPF), pulmoner hipertansiyon ve akciğer kanseri gibi çeşitli solunum yolu hastalıklarının gelişimini, seyrini ve prognozunu olumsuz etkileyen önemli bir sistemik durumdur. Kronik inflamasyon ve sitokin aktivasyonu bu birlikteliğin temel patofizyolojik mekanizmaları olarak öne çıkarken, sirkadiyen ritimler ve sirtuinlerin de koruyucu roller üstlendiği gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca metformin gibi hipoglisemik ajanların antiinflamatuar özellikleri sayesinde akciğer fonksiyonlarını koruyucu ve antitümör etkiler sergileyebildiği, buna karşın insülin kullanımının bazı onkojenik risklerle ve astım duyarlılığıyla ilişkili olabileceği belirtilmektedir. Sonuç olarak akciğer, diyabetin klinik yönetiminde sıklıkla ihmal edilen ancak araştırılması gereken önemli bir hedef organdır.
This review examines the proinflammatory, proliferative, and oxidative effects of diabetes mellitus on lung health through clinical and epidemiological data. Diabetes is a significant systemic condition that adversely affects the development, course, and prognosis of various respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. While chronic inflammation and cytokine activation emerge as the primary pathophysiological mechanisms of this association, circadian rhythms and sirtuins have also been shown to play protective roles. Furthermore, it is indicated that hypoglycemic agents like metformin can exhibit protective and antitumor effects on lung functions due to their anti-inflammatory properties; conversely, insulin use may be associated with certain oncogenic risks and asthma susceptibility. Consequently, the lung remains a frequently neglected yet crucial target organ in diabetes management that warrants further extensive research.
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