Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Neden Olduğu Nörolojik Hastalıklara Genel Bir Bakış
Özet
Merkezi ve periferik sinir sisteminin sağlıklı işleyişi için kritik öneme sahip olan B, D ve E vitaminlerinin eksikliği, Wernicke Ensefalopatisi, pellagra ve çeşitli nöropatiler gibi ciddi nörolojik bozukluklara yol açmaktadır. Bu eksiklikler, demiyelinizasyon ve aksonal hasar gibi mekanizmalarla kognitif gerileme, denge bozuklukları, kas güçsüzlüğü ve duyusal kayıplara neden olarak yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde düşürmektedir. Erken tanı ve uygun vitamin takviyesi ile bu nörolojik hasarların çoğu önlenebilir veya geri döndürülebilir olduğundan, risk gruplarının takibi klinik açıdan hayati önem taşımaktadır.
Deficiencies in B, D, and E vitamins, which are crucial for the healthy functioning of the central and peripheral nervous systems, lead to serious neurological disorders such as Wernicke's Encephalopathy, pellagra, and various neuropathies. These deficiencies cause cognitive decline, balance disorders, muscle weakness, and sensory loss through mechanisms like demyelination and axonal damage, significantly reducing quality of life. Since most of these neurological damages can be prevented or reversed with early diagnosis and appropriate vitamin supplementation, monitoring high-risk groups is clinically vital.
Referanslar
Kumar N. Neurologic presentations of nutritional deficiencies. Neurologic clinics. 2010;28(1):107-170.
Miller KL, Trifan G, Testai FD. Neurology of Nutritional Deficiencies. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2019;26;19(12):101.
Hammond N, Wang Y, Dimachkie MM, et al. Nutritional neuropathies. Neurologic clinics. 2013 May;31(2):477-489.
Kumar, N. Nutrients and neurology. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2017; 23(3):822-861.
Mason ME, Jalagani H, Vinik AI. Metabolic complications of bariatric surgery: diagnosis and management issues. Gastroenterology Clinics. 2005;34(1): 25–33.
Stein J, Stier C, Raab H, et al. The nutritional and pharmacological consequences of obesity surgery. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2014 Sep;40(6):582-609.
Smith TJ, Johnson CR, Koshy R, et al. Thiamine deficiency disorders: a clinical perspective. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2021;1498(1):9-28.
Gwathmey KG, Grogan J. "Nutritional neuropathies." Muscle & Nerve. 2020; 62: 13-29.
Saperstein DB, Barohn RJ. Polyneuropathy caused by nutritional and vitamin deficiency. In: Dyck P, editor. Peripheral neuropathy. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2005. p. 2051–62.
Koike H, Iijima M, Mori K, et al. Postgastrectomy polyneuropathy with thiamine deficiency is identical to beriberi neuropathy. Nutrition. 2004;20:961–966
Koike H, Ito S, Morozumi S, et al. Rapidly developing weakness mimicking Guillain-Barré syndrome in beriberi neuropathy: two case reports. Nutrition. 2008; 24: 776– 780.
Emre U, Erdal Y, Söylemez C, KaragöZ Y, Mahmutoğlu AS. Wernicke's Encephalopathy: Similar and Different Aspects of the Three Cases. Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2019;57(2):165-168.
Manzo G, De Gennaro A, Cozzolino A, et al. MR imaging findings in alcoholic and nonalcoholic acute Wernicke's encephalopathy:a review. BioMed research international. 2014;2014:503596.
Unsal MA, Kaya D. An Underestimated Diagnosis in Practice:Wernicke Encephalopathy in Two Patients With Cancer. Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2017;34:194–198.
Basoglu M, Yetimalar Y, Gurgor N, et al. Neurological complications of prolonged hunger strike. European Journal of Neurology. 2006;13:1089–1097.
Zuccoli G, Santa Cruz D, Bertolini M, et al. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2009 ;30(1):171-6.
Galvin R, Brathen G, Ivashynka A, et al. EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. European Journal of Neurology. 2010;17(12): 1408–1418.
Gasperi V, Sibilano M, Savini I, et al. Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;20(4):974.
Fricker RA, Green EL, Jenkins SI, et al. The Influence of Nicotinamide on Health and Disease in the Central Nervous System. International Journal of Tryptophan Research.2018;11:1178646918776658
Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, et al. Dietary Niacin and Risk of Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and of Cognitive Decline. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2004; 75: 1093–1099.
Verdin E. NAD+ in Aging, Metabolism, and Neurodegeneration. Science. 2015;350:1208–1213.
Kerr JS, Adriaanse BA, Greig NH. Mitophagy and Alzheimer’s Disease: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Trends in neurosciences. 2017;40: 151–166.
Liu D, Pitta M, Jiang H. Nicotinamide Forestalls Pathology and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Mice: Evidence for Improved Neuronal Bioenergetics and Autophagy Procession. Neurobiology of aging. 2013; 34:1564–1580.
Spinneker A, Sola R, Lemmen V, et al. Vitamin B6 status, deficiency and its consequences‐an overview. Nutricion hospitalaria. 2007;22:7-24.
Calderón-Ospina CA, Nava-Mesa MO. B Vitamins in the nervous system: Current knowledge of the biochemical modes of action and synergies of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics. 2020;26:5-13.
Pena IA, MacKenzie A, Van Karnebeek CDM. Current knowledge for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy: a 2016 update. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2017;12:5–20.
Wendolowicz A, Stefanska E, Ostrowska L. Influence of selected dietary components on the functioning of the human nervous sys-tem. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 2018;69:15-21
Hadtstein F, Vrolijk M. Vitamin B-6-Induced Neuropathy: Exploring the Mechanisms of Pyridoxine Toxicity. Advances in Nutrition . 2021;12:1911-1929.
Czeizel AE, Dudás I, Vereczkey A, et al. Folate deficiency and folic acid supplementation: the prevention of neural-tube defects and congenital heart defects. Nutrients. 2013;5:4760-4775.
Czeizel AE, Dudás I, Paput L, et al. Prevention of neural-tube defects with periconceptional folic acid, methylfolate, or multivitamins? Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2011;58(4):263-271.
Reynolds EH. The neurology of folic acid deficiency. Handbook of clinical neurology. 2014;120:927-943.
Reynolds E. Vitamin B12, folic acid, and the nervous system. The lancet neurology. 2006;5(11):949–960.
Koike H, Takahashi M, Ohyama K, et al. Clinicopathologic features of folate-deficiency neuropathy. Neurology. 2015;84:1026-1033.
Hannibal L, Kim J, Brasch NE, et al. Processing of alkylcobalamins in mammalian cells: A role for the MMACHC (cblC) gene product. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2009; 97:260–266
Hannibal L, Lysne V, Bjørke-Monsen AL, et al. Biomarkers and Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 Deficiency. Frontiers in molecular biosciences. 2016;3:27.
Saperstein DS, Wolfe GI, Gronseth GS, et al. Challenges in the identification of cobalamin-deficiency polyneuropathy. Archives of neurology. 2003; 60: 1296–1301.
Demir N, Koc A, Üstyol L, et al. Clinical and neurological findings of severe vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy and importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 2013; 49: 820–824.
Dror DK, Allen LH. Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms. Nutrition reviews. 2008; 66: 250–255.
Torsvik I, Ueland PM, Markestad T, et al. Cobalamin supplementation improves motor development and regurgitations in infants: results from a randomized intervention study.The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2013; 98: 1233–1240.
Morris MS, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, et al. Folate and vitamin B-12 status in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification.The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2007; 85: 193-200.
DeLuca GC, Kimball SM, Kolasinski J, et al. Review: the role of vitamin D in nervous system health and disease. Neuropathology and applied neurobiology. 2013;39:458–484.
Groves NJ, McGrath JJ, Burne TH. Vitamin D as a neurosteroid affecting the developing and adult brain. Annual review of nutrition. 2014;34:117–141.
Shab-Bidar S, Neyestani TR, Djazayery A. The interactive effect of improvement of vitamin D status and VDR FokI variants on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized controlled trial. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2015;69: 216–222.
Soilu-Ha¨nninen M, Laaksonen M, Laitinen I, et al. A longitudinal study of serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels indicate the importance of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis regulation in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2008;79:152–157.
Thouvenot E, Orsini M, Daure`s JP, et al. Vitamin D is associated with degree of disability in patients with fully ambulatory relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. European journal of neurology. 2015;22:564–569.
Mpandzou G, Aït Ben Haddou E, Regragui W, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and its role in neurological conditions: A review. Revue neurologique. 2016;172:109-122
Galli F, Azzi A, Birringer M, et al. Vitamin E: emerging aspects and new directions. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2017;102:16-36.
Brigelius-Flohé R. Vitamin E: the shrew waiting to be tamed. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2009;46(5):543-554.
Hentati F, El-Euch G, Bouhlal Y, et al. Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency and abetalipoproteinemia. Handbook of clinical neurology. 2012;103:295-305.
Muller DPR. Vitamin E and neurological function. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 2010;54(5):710-718.
Fogel BL, Perlman S. Clinical features and molecular genetics of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. The lancet neurology. 2007; 6:245–257.
Di Donato I, Bianchi S, Federico A. Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency: update of molecular diagnosis. Neurological Sciences. 2010;31:511-5.
Puri V, Chaudhry N, Tatke M, et al. Isolated vitamin E deficiency with demyelinating neuropathy. Muscle & Nerve: Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. 2005;32: 230-235.
