Selenyum ve Tiroid Hastalıkları
Özet
Selenyum, tiroid hormonlarının sentezi, metabolizması ve antioksidan savunma mekanizmalarında hayati rol oynayan temel bir eser elementtir. Özellikle Hashimoto tiroiditi ve Graves orbitopatisi gibi otoimmün tiroid hastalıklarında selenyum takviyesinin antikor düzeylerini düşürdüğü ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Vücuda temel olarak et, balık ve tahıllar yoluyla alınan bu elementin eksikliği tiroid fonksiyon bozukluklarına yol açarken, aşırı alımı selenoz adı verilen toksisiteye neden olabilmektedir.
Selenium is a vital trace element that plays a fundamental role in thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Supplementation has been shown to reduce antibody levels and improve quality of life in autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' orbitopathy. Primarily ingested through meat, fish, and grains, its deficiency leads to thyroid dysfunction, while excessive intake can result in a toxic condition known as selenosis.
Referanslar
Combs Jr, G. F. (2015). Biomarkers of selenium status. Nutrients, 7(4), 2209-2236
Zheng H, Wei J, Wang L, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation on Graves’ disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:3763565. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3763565.
Szeliga A, Czyzyk A, Niedzielski P, et al. Assessment of serum selenium concentration in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis in Poznan district. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2018;45(268):150-153.
Wang W, Mao J, Zhao J, et al. Decreased thyroid peroxidase antibody titer in response to selenium supplementation in autoimmune thyroiditis and the influence of a SEPP gene polymorphism: a prospective, multicenter study in China. Thyroid. 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2017.0230.
Köhrle, J., & Gärtner, R. (2009). Selenium and thyroid. Best practice & research Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 23(6), 815-827.
Тутельян В.А., Княжев В.А., Хотимченко С.А., и др. Селен в организме человека: метаболизм, антиоксидантные свойства, роль в канцерогенезе. – M.: Издательство РАМН; 2002.
[Tutel’yan VA, Knyazhev VA, Khotimchenko SA, et al. Selen v organizme cheloveka: metabolizm, antioksidantnye svoystva, rol’ v kantserogeneze. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo RAMN; 2002. (In Russ.)]
Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. Endocrine. 2015; 48(3):756-775. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6.
Combs Jr, G. F. (2015). Biomarkers of selenium status. Nutrients, 7(4), 2209-2236.
Zimmermann, M. B. (2006). The influence of iron status on iodine utilization and thyroid function. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 26, 367-389.
Yu, X., Shan, Z., Li, C., Mao, J., Wang, W., Xie, X., ... & Teng, W. (2015). Iron deficiency, an independent risk factor for isolated hypothyroxinemia in pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age in China. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 100(4), 1594-1601.
Jain, R. B., & Choi, Y. S. (2016). Interacting effects of selected trace and toxic metals on thyroid function. International journal of environmental health research, 26(1), 75-91.
Park, K., Rimm, E., Siscovick, D., Spiegelman, D., Morris, J. S., & Mozaffarian, D. (2011). Demographic and lifestyle factors and selenium levels in men and women in the US. Nutrition research and practice, 5(4), 357-364..
Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, “Vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and β-carotene and other carotenoids: overview, antioxidant definition, and relationship to chronic disease,” in Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids, N. A. P. (US), Ed., Washington (DC), USA, 2000.
J. K. MacFarquhar, D. L. Broussard, P. Melstrom et al., “Acute selenium toxicity associated with a dietary supplement,” Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 170, no. 3, pp. 256–261, 2010.
J. Kohrle, “Thyrotropin (TSH) action on thyroid hormone deiodination and secretion: one aspect of thyrotropin regulation of thyroid cell biology,” Hormone and Metabolic Research Supplement, vol. 23, pp. 18–28, 1990.
R. C. Dickson and R. H. Tomlinson, “Selenium in blood and human tissues,” Clinica Chimica Acta, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 311–321, 1967.
A. Drutel, F. Archambeaud, and P. Caron, “Selenium and the thyroid gland: more good news for clinicians,” Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 155–164, 2013.
L. Schomburg, C. Riese, M. Michaelis et al., “Synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones is preferentially maintained in selenium-deficient transgenic mice,” Endocrinology, vol. 147, no. 3, pp. 1306–1313, 2006.
Waegeneers N., Thiry C., De Temmerman L., Ruttens A. Belçika'daki genel yetişkin popülasyonu tarafından öngörülen selenyum diyet alımı. Gıda Katkı Maddeleri ve Kirleticiler. Bölüm A, Kimya, Analiz, Kontrol, Maruz Kalma ve Risk Değerlendirmesi . 2013; 30 (2):278–285. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2012.746474.
Park, K., Rimm, E., Siscovick, D., Spiegelman, D., Morris, J. S., & Mozaffarian, D. (2011). Demographic and lifestyle factors and selenium levels in men and women in the US. Nutrition research and practice, 5(4), 357-364.
Rayman, M. P. (2008). Food-chain selenium and human health: emphasis on intake. British journal of nutrition, 100(2), 254-268.
Tıp Enstitüsü (ABD) Diyet Antioksidanları ve İlgili Bileşikler Paneli; C Vitamini, E Vitamini, Selenyum ve Karotenoidler için NAP (ABD) Diyet Referans Alımları . Washington (DC), ABD: 2000. C vitamini, E vitamini, selenyum ve β-karoten ve diğer karotenoidler: genel bakış, antioksidan tanımı ve kronik hastalıkla ilişkisi. Ventura, M., Melo, M., & Carrilho, F. (2017). Selenium and thyroid disease: from pathophysiology to treatment. International journal of endocrinology, 2017.
Rayman, M. P. (2004). The use of high-selenium yeast to raise selenium status: how does it measure up?. British Journal of Nutrition, 92(4), 557-573.
Kipp, A. P., Strohm, D., Brigelius-Flohé, R., Schomburg, L., Bechthold, A. E., Leschik-Bonnet, E., ... & German Nutrition Society (DGE. (2015). Revised reference values for selenium intake. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 32, 195-199.
Zheng H, Wei J, Wang L, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation on Graves’ disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:3763565. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3763565.
Szeliga A, Czyzyk A, Niedzielski P, et al. Assessment of serum selenium concentration in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis in Poznan district. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2018;45(268):150-153.
Wang W, Mao J, Zhao J, et al. Decreased thyroid peroxidase antibody titer in response to selenium supplementation in autoimmune thyroiditis and the influence of a SEPP gene polymorphism: a prospective, multicenter study in China. Thyroid. 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2017.0230.
Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. Endocrine. 2015; 48(3):756-775. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6.
Kohrle J. Pathophysiological relevance of selenium. J Endocrinol Invest. 2013;36(10 Suppl):1-7.
Drutel A, Archambeaud F, Caron P. Selenium and the thyroid gland: more good news for clinicians. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013;78(2):155-164. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12066.
Mao J., Pop V. J., Bath S. C., Vader H. L., Redman C. W., Rayman M. P. Effect of low-dose selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in UK pregnant women with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. European Journal of Nutrition. 2016;55(1):55–61. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0822-9.
Negro R., Greco G., Mangieri T., Pezzarossa A., Dazzi D., Hassan H. The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2007;92(4):1263–1268. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-1821.
D. Nacamulli, C. Mian, D. Petricca, F. Lazzarotto, S. Barollo, D. Pozza, ve diğerleri . Influence of physiological dietary selenium supplementation on the natural course of autoimmune thyroiditis.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 73(2009), s. 121-133. 535-539 12
LH Duntas. Selenium and the thyroid: a close–knit connection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 95 (2010), s. 5180-5188.
.A. Toulis, A.D. Anastasilakis, T.G. Tzellos, D.G. Goulis, D. Kouvelas. Selenium supplementation in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid, 20 (2010), pp. 1163-1173
Bahn R. S. Graves’ ophthalmopathy. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;362(8):726–738. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0905750.
Marcocci C., Kahaly G. J., Krassas G. E., et al. Selenium and the course of mild Graves’ orbitopathy. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;364(20):1920–1931. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1012985.
Bartalena L., Baldeschi L., Boboridis K., et al. The 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves’ Orbitopathy. European Thyroid Journal. 2016;5(1):9–26. doi: 10.1159/000443828.
Bleys J., Navas-Acien A., Guallar E. Serum selenium levels and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality among US adults. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2008;168(4):404–410. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2007.74.
Fairweather-Tait, S. J., Bao, Y., Broadley, M. R., Collings, R., Ford, D., Hesketh, J. E., & Hurst, R. (2011). Selenium in human health and disease. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 14(7), 1337-1383.
