Kritik Travma Hastalarında Havayolu Yönetimi

Kovacs G, Sowers N. Airway Management in Trauma. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2018 Feb 1;36(1):61–84.

Pieters BMA, Wilbers NER, Huijzer M, Winkens B, van Zundert AAJ. Comparison of seven videolaryngoscopes with the Macintosh laryngoscope in manikins by experienced and novice personnel. Anaesthesia. 2016 May 1;71(5):556–64.

Meizoso JP, Valle EJ, Allen CJ, Ray JJ, Jouria JM, Teisch LF, et al. Decreased mortality after prehospital interventions in severely injured trauma patients. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2015;79(2):227–31.

Lecky F, Bryden D, Little R, Tong N, Moulton C. Emergency intubation for acutely ill and injured patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2022 Mar 5];2008(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18425873/

Stiell IG, Nesbitt LP, Pickett W, Munkley D, Spaite DW, Banek J, et al. The OPALS Major Trauma Study: impact of advanced life-support on survival and morbidity. CMAJ [Internet]. 2008 Apr 22 [cited 2022 Mar 5];178(9):1141–52. Available from: https://www.cmaj.ca/content/178/9/1141

Stockinger ZT, McSwain NE. Prehospital Endotracheal Intubation for Trauma Does Not Improve Survival over Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation. Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2022 Mar 5];56(3):531–6. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/Fulltext/2004/03000/Prehospital_Endotracheal_Intubation_for_Trauma.9.aspx

Mayglothling J, Duane TM, Gibbs M, McCunn M, Legome E, Eastman AL, et al. Emergency tracheal intubation immediately following traumatic injury: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg [Internet]. 2012 Nov [cited 2022 Mar 5];73(5 Suppl 4). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23114490/

Miraflor E, Chuang K, Miranda MA, Dryden W, Yeung L, Strumwasser A, et al. Timing is Everything: Delayed Intubation is Associated with Increased Mortality in Initially Stable Trauma Patients1. Journal of Surgical Research [Internet]. 2011 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Mar 6];170(2):286–90. Available from: http://www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com/article/S0022480411002836/fulltext

Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Connis RT, Abdelmalak BB, Agarkar M, Dutton RP, et al. 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Mar 27];136(1):31–81. Available from: https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/136/1/31/117915/2022-American-Society-of-Anesthesiologists

Diez C, Varon AJ. Airway management. Essentials of Trauma Anesthesia [Internet]. 2012 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Mar 6];28–42. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/essentials-of-trauma-anesthesia/airway-management/AD2E219E89E4AEE58BB6571D495FA2DE

Parameters U by the C on S and P, Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Caplan RA, Blitt CD, Connis RT, et al. Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult AirwayAn Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2013 Feb 1 [cited 2022 Mar 6];118(2):251–70. Available from: https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/118/2/251/13535/Practice-Guidelines-for-Management-of-the

Fort AC, Zack-Guasp RA. Anesthesia for Patients with Extensive Trauma. Anesthesiology Clinics. 2020 Mar 1;38(1):135–48.

Varon AJ, Smith C. Essentials of Trauma Anesthesia. Essentials of Trauma Anesthesia [Internet]. 2012 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Mar 7];1–306. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/essentials-of-trauma-anesthesia/DA537139B4A054AE6A3F5C77F99E92F0

Mosier JM, Joshi R, Hypes C, Pacheco G, Valenzuela T, Sakles JC. The Physiologically Difficult Airway. West J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Mar 12];16(7):1109–17. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26759664/

Bodily JB, Webb HR, Weiss SJ, Braude DA. Incidence and Duration of Continuously Measured Oxygen Desaturation During Emergency Department Intubation. Annals of Emergency Medicine [Internet]. 2016 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Mar 12];67(3):389–95. Available from: http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196064415004862/fulltext

Spaite DW, Hu C, Bobrow BJ, Chikani V, Barnhart B, Gaither JB, et al. The Effect of Combined Out-of-Hospital Hypotension and Hypoxia on Mortality in Major Traumatic Brain Injury. Annals of Emergency Medicine [Internet]. 2017 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Mar 12];69(1):62–72. Available from: http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196064416304656/fulltext

Gebremedhn EG, Mesele D, Aemero D, Alemu E. The incidence of oxygen desaturation during rapid sequence induction and intubation. World J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Mar 12];5(4):279. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25548602/

Davis DP, Peay J, Serrano JA, Buono C, Vilke GM, Sise MJ, et al. The impact of aeromedical response to patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Ann Emerg Med [Internet]. 2005 Aug [cited 2022 Mar 14];46(2):115–22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16046940/

Davis DP, Rosen P, Hoyt DB, Fortlage D, Holbrook T, Marshall LK. The effect of paramedic rapid sequence intubation on outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2022 Mar 14];54(3):444–53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12634522/

Bernard SA, Nguyen V, Cameron P, Masci K, Fitzgerald M, Cooper DJ, et al. Prehospital rapid sequence intubation improves functional outcome for patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2010 Dec [cited 2022 Mar 14];252(6):959–65. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21107105/

Lockey DJ, Healey B, Crewdson K, Chalk G, Weaver AE, Davies GE. Advanced airway management is necessary in prehospital trauma patients. British Journal of Anaesthesia [Internet]. 2015 Apr 1 [cited 2022 Mar 14];114(4):657–62. Available from: http://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007091217316793/fulltext

Wilson MH, Hinds J, Grier G, Burns B, Carley S, Davies G. Impact brain apnoea – A forgotten cause of cardiovascular collapse in trauma. Resuscitation. 2016 Aug 1;105:52–8.

Crosby ET, Lui A. The adult cervical spine: implications for airway management. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d’anesthesie [Internet]. 1990 Jan [cited 2022 Mar 14];37(1):77–93. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2136808/

Austin N, Krishnamoorthy V, Dagal A. Airway management in cervical spine injury. International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Mar 14];4(1):50. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3982371/

Hauswald M, Sklar DP, Tandberg D, Garcia JF. Cervical spine movement during airway management: cinefluoroscopic appraisal in human cadavers. Am J Emerg Med [Internet]. 1991 [cited 2022 Mar 15];9(6):535–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1930391/

Malcharek MJ, Rogos B, Watzlawek S, Sorge O, Sablotzki A, Gille J, et al. Awake fiberoptic intubation and self-positioning in patients at risk of secondary cervical injury: a pilot study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol [Internet]. 2012 Jul [cited 2022 Mar 15];24(3):217–21. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22406546/

Avitsian R, Lin J, Lotto M, Ebrahim Z. Dexmedetomidine and awake fiberoptic intubation for possible cervical spine myelopathy: a clinical series. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol [Internet]. 2005 Apr [cited 2022 Mar 15];17(2):97–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15840996/

Yeganeh N, Roshani B, Azizi B, Almasi A. Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil to provide analgesia for awake nasotracheal fiberoptic intubations in cervical trauma patients. J Trauma [Internet]. 2010 Nov [cited 2022 Mar 15];69(5):1185–90. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20400920/

Mosier JM, Stolz U, Chiu S, Sakles JC. Difficult airway management in the emergency department: GlideScope videolaryngoscopy compared to direct laryngoscopy. J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2012 Jun [cited 2022 Mar 15];42(6):629–34. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21911279/

Ong JR, Chong CF, Chen CC, Wang TL, Lin CM, Chang SC. Comparing the performance of traditional direct laryngoscope with three indirect laryngoscopes: A prospective manikin study in normal and difficult airway scenarios. Emerg Med Australas [Internet]. 2011 Oct [cited 2022 Mar 15];23(5):606–14. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21995476/

McCoy Laringoskop Bıçağı • LITFL • CCC Havayolu [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 31]. Available from: https://litfl.com/mccoy-laryngoscope-blade/

Simon L v., Torp KD. Laryngeal Mask Airway. StatPearls [Internet]. 2022 Feb 4 [cited 2022 May 31]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482184/

Kihara S, Watanabe S, Brimacombe J, Taguchi N, Yaguchi Y, Yamasaki Y. Segmental cervical spine movement with the intubating laryngeal mask during manual in-line stabilization in patients with cervical pathology undergoing cervical spine surgery. Anesth Analg [Internet]. 2000 Jul [cited 2022 Mar 15];91(1):195–200. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10866912/

Keller C, Brimacombe J, Keller K. Pressures exerted against the cervical vertebrae by the standard and intubating laryngeal mask airways: A randomized, controlled, cross-over study in fresh cadavers. Anesthesia and Analgesia [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Mar 15];89(5):1296–300. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/1999/11000/Pressures_Exerted_Against_the_Cervical_Vertebrae.42.aspx

Gerstein NS, Braude DA, Hung O, Sanders JC, Murphy MF. The Fastrach Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway: an overview and update. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d’anesthesie [Internet]. 2010 Jun [cited 2022 Mar 15];57(6):588–601. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20112078/

Sakles JC, Corn GJ, Hollinger P, Arcaris B, Patanwala AE, Mosier JM. The Impact of a Soiled Airway on Intubation Success in the Emergency Department When Using the GlideScope or the Direct Laryngoscope. Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 2017 May 1 [cited 2022 Mar 15];24(5):628–36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28109012/

Ohchi F, Komasawa N, Mihara R, Hattori K, Minami T. Evaluation of gum-elastic bougie combined with direct and indirect laryngoscopes in vomitus setting: A randomized simulation trial. Am J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2017 Apr 1 [cited 2022 Mar 23];35(4):584–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28034484/

Mihara R, Komasawa N, Matsunami S, Minami T. Comparison of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopes in Vomitus and Hematemesis Settings: A Randomized Simulation Trial. Biomed Res Int [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Mar 23];2015. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26618177/

Sakles JC, Corn GJ, Hollinger P, Arcaris B, Patanwala AE, Mosier JM. The Impact of a Soiled Airway on Intubation Success in the Emergency Department When Using the GlideScope or the Direct Laryngoscope. Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 2017 May 1 [cited 2022 Mar 23];24(5):628–36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28109012/

Simons RW, Rea TD, Becker LJ, Eisenberg MS. The incidence and significance of emesis associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2007 Sep;74(3):427–31.

Root CW, Mitchell OJL, Brown R, Evers CB, Boyle J, Griffin C, et al. Suction Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination (SALAD): A technique for improved emergency airway management. Resusc Plus [Internet]. 2020 Mar [cited 2022 Mar 23];1–2:100005. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34223292/

Hubble MW, Wilfong DA, Brown LH, Hertelendy A, Benner RW. A meta-analysis of prehospital airway control techniques part II: alternative airway devices and cricothyrotomy success rates. Prehosp Emerg Care [Internet]. 2010 Aug [cited 2022 Mar 24];14(4):515–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20809690/

Lockey D, Crewdson K, Weaver A, Davies G. Observational study of the success rates of intubation and failed intubation airway rescue techniques in 7256 attempted intubations of trauma patients by pre-hospital physicians. Br J Anaesth [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Mar 24];113(2):220–5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038154/

Frerk C, Mitchell VS, McNarry AF, Mendonca C, Bhagrath R, Patel A, et al. Editor’s choice: Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult intubation in adults. BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia [Internet]. 2015 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Mar 24];115(6):827. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4650961/

Brofeldt BT, Panacek EA, Richards JR. An easy cricothyrotomy approach: the rapid four-step technique. Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 1996 [cited 2022 Mar 24];3(11):1060–3. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8922017/

Heard A. Smashwords – Percutaneous Emergency Oxygenation Strategies in the “Can’t Intubate, Can’t Oxygenate” Scenario – a book by Dr. Andrew Heard. 2013;

Chan TC, Vilke GM, Bramwell KJ, Davis DP, Hamilton RS, Rosen P. Comparison of wire-guided cricothyrotomy versus standard surgical cricothyrotomy technique. J Emerg Med [Internet]. 1999 Nov [cited 2022 Mar 24];17(6):957–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10595879/

Craven RM, Vanner RG. Ventilation of a model lung using various cricothyrotomy devices. Anaesthesia [Internet]. 2004 Jun [cited 2022 Mar 24];59(6):595–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15144301/

Mutzbauer TS, Munz R, Helm M, Lampl LA, Herrmann M. [Emergency cricothyrotomy--puncture or anatomical preparation? Peculiarities of two methods for emergency airway access demonstrated in a cadaver model]. Anaesthesist [Internet]. 2003 Apr 1 [cited 2022 Mar 24];52(4):304–10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12715132/

Needle cricothyroidotomy with percutaneous transtracheal ventilation - UpToDate [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 24]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/needle-cricothyroidotomy-with-percutaneous-transtracheal-ventilation

İğne Krikotirotomi Püf Noktaları – Acilci.Net [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 24]. Available from: https://acilci.net/igne-krikotirotomi-puf-noktalari/

Sise MJ, Shackford SR, Sise CB, Sack DI, Paci GM, Yale RS, et al. Early intubation in the management of trauma patients: indications and outcomes in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Trauma [Internet]. 2009 Jan [cited 2022 Mar 25];66(1):32–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19131803/

Weingart SD, Seth Trueger N, Wong N, Scofi J, Singh N, Rudolph SS. Delayed Sequence Intubation: A Prospective Observational Study. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2015 Apr 1;65(4):349–55.

Rosenbaum SB, Gupta V, Palacios JL. Ketamine. StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Nov 20 [cited 2022 Mar 26]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470357/

Green SM, Andolfatto G, Krauss BS. Ketamine and intracranial pressure: no contraindication except hydrocephalus. Ann Emerg Med [Internet]. 2015 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Mar 26];65(1):52–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25245275/

Bourgoin A, Albanèse J, Wereszczynski N, Charbit M, Vialet R, Martin C. Safety of sedation with ketamine in severe head injury patients: comparison with sufentanil. Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2003 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Mar 26];31(3):711–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12626974/

Bourgoin A, Albanèse J, Léone M, Sampol-Manos E, Viviand X, Martin C. Effects of sufentanil or ketamine administered in target-controlled infusion on the cerebral hemodynamics of severely brain-injured patients. Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2005 May [cited 2022 Mar 26];33(5):1109–13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15891344/

Schmittner MD, Vajkoczy SL, Horn P, Bertsch T, Quintel M, Vajkoczy P, et al. Effects of fentanyl and S(+)-ketamine on cerebral hemodynamics, gastrointestinal motility, and need of vasopressors in patients with intracranial pathologies: a pilot study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol [Internet]. 2007 Oct [cited 2022 Mar 26];19(4):257–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17893578/

Barak M, Bahouth H, Leiser Y, Abu El-Naaj I. Airway Management of the Patient with Maxillofacial Trauma: Review of the Literature and Suggested Clinical Approach. BioMed Research International [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Mar 25];2015. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4486512/

Peralta R, Hurford WE. Airway trauma. Int Anesthesiol Clin [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2022 Mar 26];38(3):111–27. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10984849/

Baker PA, Flanagan BT, Greenland KB, Morris R, Owen H, Riley RH, et al. Equipment to manage a difficult airway during anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2022 Mar 26];39(1):16–34. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21375086/

Goliasch G, Ruetzler A, Fischer H, Frass M, Sessler DI, Ruetzler K. Evaluation of advanced airway management in absolutely inexperienced hands: a randomized manikin trial. Eur J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2013 Oct [cited 2022 Mar 26];20(5):310–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22914115/

Schalk R, Byhahn C, Fausel F, Egner A, Oberndörfer D, Walcher F, et al. Out-of-hospital airway management by paramedics and emergency physicians using laryngeal tubes. Resuscitation [Internet]. 2010 Mar [cited 2022 Mar 26];81(3):323–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20006418/

Adams BD, Cuniowski PA, Muck A, de Lorenzo RA. Registry of emergency airways arriving at combat hospitals. J Trauma [Internet]. 2008 Jun [cited 2022 Mar 26];64(6):1548–54. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18545122/

Grier G, Bredmose P, Davies G, Lockey D. Introduction and use of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway as a rescue device in a pre-hospital trauma anaesthesia algorithm. Resuscitation [Internet]. 2009 Jan [cited 2022 Mar 26];80(1):138–41. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19013707/

Hamaekers AE, Henderson JJ. Equipment and strategies for emergency tracheal access in the adult patient. Anaesthesia [Internet]. 2011 Dec [cited 2022 Mar 26];66 Suppl 2(SUPPL. 2):65–80. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22074081/

Dob DP, McLure HA, Soni N. Failed intubation and emergency percutaneous tracheostomy. Anaesthesia [Internet]. 1998 [cited 2022 Mar 26];53(1):72–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9505746/

Kearney PA, Griffen MM, Ochoa JB, Boulanger BR, Tseui BJ, Mentzer RM. A single-center 8-year experience with percutaneous dilational tracheostomy. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2000 May [cited 2022 Mar 26];231(5):701–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767791/

Mercer SJ, Jones CP, Bridge M, Clitheroe E, Morton B, Groom P. Systematic review of the anaesthetic management of non-iatrogenic acute adult airway trauma. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2016 Sep 1;117:i49–59.

Kummer C, Netto FS, Rizoli S, Yee D. A review of traumatic airway injuries: Potential implications for airway assessment and management. Injury. 2007 Jan 1;38(1):27–33.

Laryngotracheal trauma: its management and sequelae - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 26]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18655399/

Initial airway management of blunt upper airway injuries: A case report and literature review | Australasian Anaesthesia [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 26]. Available from: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.490641843396519

Demetriades D, Velmahos GG, Asensio JA. Cervical pharyngoesophageal and laryngotracheal injuries. World J Surg [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2022 Mar 26];25(8):1044–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11571970/

Perdikis G, Schmitt T, Chait D, Richards AT. Blunt laryngeal fracture: another airbag injury. J Trauma [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2022 Mar 26];48(3):544–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10744303/

Atkins BZ, Abbate S, Fisher SR, Vaslef SN. Current management of laryngotracheal trauma: case report and literature review. J Trauma [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2022 Mar 26];56(1):185–90. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14749588/

emDOCs.net – Acil Tıp Eğitimi Pediatrik Travma Hastasında Havayolu Yönetimi - emDOCs.net - Acil Tıp Eğitimi [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 18]. Available from: http://www.emdocs.net/airway-management-in-the-pediatric-trauma-patient/

Morrissey K, Fairbrother H, Vazquez MN. Severe traumatic brain injury in children: an evidence-based review of emergency department management [digest]. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract [Internet]. 2016 Oct 22 [cited 2022 May 18];13(10 Suppl Points & Pearls):S1–2. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745856

Haliloglu M, Bilgen S, Uzture N, Koner O. Simple method for determining the size of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in children: a prospective observational study. Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2017 Jan 1 [cited 2022 May 18];67(1):15–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27692804/

Overmann KM, Boyd SD, Zhang Y, Kerrey BT. Apneic oxygenation to prevent oxyhemoglobin desaturation during rapid sequence intubation in a pediatric emergency department. Am J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2019 Aug 1 [cited 2022 May 18];37(8):1416–21. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30401594/

Managing the Airway of the Pediatric Trauma Patient: Meeting the Challenge | 2006-03-01 | AHC Media: Continuing Medical Education Publishing | Relias Media - Continuing Medical Education Publishing [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 30]. Available from: https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/126871-managing-the-airway-of-the-pediatric-trauma-patient-meeting-the-challenge

Trauma Service : Airway management [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 31]. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/airway-management/