Opioidler

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Köster A, Montkowski A, Schulz S. Targeted disruption of the orphanin FQ/nociceptin gene increases stress susceptibility and impairs stress adaptation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 31;96(18):10444-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10444.

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Gupta A, Bodin L, Holmström B. A systematic review of the peripheral analgesic effects of intraarticular morphine. Anesth Analg. 2001 Sep;93(3):761-70. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200109000-00042.

Kapral S, Gollmann G, Waltl B. Tramadol added to mepivacaine prolongs the duration of an axillary brachial plexus blockade. Anesth Analg. 1999 Apr;88(4):853-6. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199904000-00032.

Nishikawa K, Kanaya N, Nakayama M. Fentanyl improves analgesia but prolongs the onset of axillary brachial plexus block by peripheral mechanism. Anesth Analg. 2000 Aug;91(2):384-7. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200008000-00028.

Bouaziz H, Kinirons BP, Macalou D. Sufentanil does not prolong the duration of analgesia in a mepivacaine brachial plexus block: a dose response study. Anesth Analg. 2000 Feb;90(2):383-7. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200002000-00027.

Reuben SS, Steinberg RB, Lurie SD. A dose-response study of intravenous regional anesthesia with meperidine. Anesth Analg. 1999 Apr;88(4):831-5. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199904000-00028.

McEwan AI, Smith C, Dyar O. Isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration reduction by fentanyl. Anesthesiology. 1993 May;78(5):864-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199305000-00009.

Glass PS, Gan TJ, Howell S. Drug interactions: volatile anesthetics and opioids. J Clin Anesth. 1997 Sep;9(6 Suppl):18S-22S. doi: 10.1016/s0952-8180(97)00122-0.

Inagaki Y, Tsuda Y. Contribution of the spinal cord to arousal from inhaled anesthesia: comparison of epidural and intravenous fentanyl on awakening concentration of isoflurane. Anesth Analg. 1997 Dec;85(6):1387-93. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199712000-00038.

Kissin I, Vinik HR, Castillo R. Alfentanil potentiates midazolam-induced unconsciousness in subanalgesic doses. Anesth Analg. 1990 Jul;71(1):65-9. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199007000-00011.

Lysakowski C, Dumont L, Pellegrini M. Effects of fentanyl, alfentanil, remifentanil and sufentanil on loss of consciousness and bispectral index during propofol induction of anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2001 Apr;86(4):523-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/86.4.523.

Koitabashi T, Johansen JW, Sebel PS. Remifentanil dose/electroencephalogram bispectral response during combined propofol/regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jun;94(6):1530-3, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200206000-00028.

Streisand JB, Bailey PL, LeMaire L. Fentanyl-induced rigidity and unconsciousness in human volunteers. Incidence, duration, and plasma concentrations. Anesthesiology. 1993 Apr;78(4):629-34. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199304000-00003.

Scott JC, Ponganis KV, Stanski DR. EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: the comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Anesthesiology. 1985 Mar;62(3):234-41. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198503000-00005.

Bovill JG, Sebel PS, Wauquier A. Influence of high-dose alfentanil anaesthesia on the electroencephalogram: correlation with plasma concentrations. Br J Anaesth. 1983;55 Suppl 2:199S-209S.

Egan TD, Minto CF, Hermann DJ. Remifentanil versus alfentanil: comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adult male volunteers. Anesthesiology. 1996 Apr;84(4):821-33. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199604000-00009. Erratum in: Anesthesiology 1996 Sep;85(3):695.

Crawford RD, Baskoff JD. Fentanyl-associated delirium in man. Anesthesiology. 1980 Aug;53(2):168-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198008000-00011.

Parkinson SK, Bailey SL, Little WL. Myoclonic seizure activity with chronic high-dose spinal opioid administration. Anesthesiology. 1990 Apr;72(4):743-5. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199004000-00025.

Haber GW, Litman RS. Generalized tonic-clonic activity after remifentanil administration. Anesth Analg. 2001 Dec;93(6):1532-3, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200112000-00040.

Hoffman WE, Cunningham F, James MK. Effects of remifentanil, a new short-acting opioid, on cerebral blood flow, brain electrical activity, and intracranial pressure in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane and nitrous oxide. Anesthesiology. 1993 Jul;79(1):107-13; discussion 26A. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199307000-00016.

Lauer KK, Connolly LA, Schmeling WT. Opioid sedation does not alter intracranial pressure in head injured patients. Can J Anaesth. 1997 Sep;44(9):929-33. doi: 10.1007/BF03011963.

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Takahashi H, Traystman RJ, Hashimoto K. Postischemic brain injury is affected stereospecifically by pentazocine in rats. Anesth Analg. 1997 Aug;85(2):353-7. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199708000-00020.

Pokela ML, Ryhänen PT, Koivisto ME. Alfentanil-induced rigidity in newborn infants. Anesth Analg. 1992 Aug;75(2):252-7. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199208000-00017.

Blasco TA, Lee D, Amalric M. The role of the nucleus raphe pontis and the caudate nucleus in alfentanil rigidity in the rat. Brain Res. 1986 Oct 29;386(1-2):280-6. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90164-2.

Goldberg M, Ishak S, Garcia C. Postoperative rigidity following sufentanil administration. Anesthesiology. 1985 Aug;63(2):199-201. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198508000-00016.

Bailey PL, Wilbrink J, Zwanikken P. Anesthetic induction with fentanyl. Anesth Analg. 1985 Jan;64(1):48-53.

Sessler DI, Olofsson CI, Rubinstein EH. The thermoregulatory threshold in humans during halothane anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1988 Jun;68(6):836-42. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198806000-00002.

Kurz A, Go JC, Sessler DI. Alfentanil slightly increases the sweating threshold and markedly reduces the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology. 1995 Aug;83(2):293-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199508000-00009.

Macintyre PE, Pavlin EG, Dwersteg JF. Effect of meperidine on oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory gas exchange in postanesthesia shivering. Anesth Analg. 1987 Aug;66(8):751-5.

Casey WF, Smith CE, Katz JM. Intravenous meperidine for control of shivering during caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth. 1988 Mar;35(2):128-33. doi: 10.1007/BF03010651.

Kurz M, Belani KG, Sessler DI. Naloxone, meperidine, and shivering. Anesthesiology. 1993 Dec;79(6):1193-201. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199312000-00009.

Tsai YC, Chu KS. A comparison of tramadol, amitriptyline, and meperidine for postepidural anesthetic shivering in parturients. Anesth Analg. 2001 Nov;93(5):1288-92. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200111000-00052.

Ko MC, Naughton NN. An experimental itch model in monkeys: characterization of intrathecal morphine-induced scratching and antinociception. Anesthesiology. 2000 Mar;92(3):795-805. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200003000-00023.

Colbert S, O'Hanlon DM, Chambers F. The effect of intravenous tenoxicam on pruritus in patients receiving epidural fentanyl. Anaesthesia. 1999 Jan;54(1):76-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00610.x.

Jones EA, Bergasa NV. The pruritus of cholestasis and the opioid system. JAMA. 1992 Dec 16;268(23): 3359-62.

Etches RC. Respiratory depression associated with patient-controlled analgesia: a review of eight cases. Can J Anaesth. 1994 Feb;41(2):125-32. doi: 10.1007/BF03009805.

Tabatabai M, Kitahata LM, Collins JG. Disruption of the rhythmic activity of the medullary inspiratory neurons and phrenic nerve by fentanyl and reversal with nalbuphine. Anesthesiology. 1989 Mar;70(3):489-95. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198903000-00020.

Bailey PL, Streisand JB, East KA. Differences in magnitude and duration of opioid-induced respiratory depression and analgesia with fentanyl and sufentanil. Anesth Analg. 1990 Jan;70(1):8-15. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199001000-00003.

Knape JT. Early respiratory depression resistant to naloxone following epidural buprenorphine. Anesthesiology. 1986 Mar;64(3):382-4. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198603000-00018.

Krenn H, Jellinek H, Haumer H. Naloxone-resistant respiratory depression and neurological eye symptoms after intrathecal morphine. Anesth Analg. 2000 Aug;91(2):432-3. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200008000-00038.

Nishino T, Hiraga K, Fujisato M. Breathing patterns during postoperative analgesia in patients after lower abdominal operations. Anesthesiology. 1988 Dec;69(6):967-72. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198812000-00031.

Pelligrino DA, Riegler FX, Albrecht RF. Ventilatory effects of fourth cerebroventricular infusions of morphine-6- or morphine-3-glucuronide in the awake dog. Anesthesiology. 1989 Dec;71(6):936-40. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198912000-00018.

Forbes AR, Horrigan RW. Mucociliary flow in the trachea during anesthesia with enflurane, ether, nitrous oxide, and morphine. Anesthesiology. 1977 May;46(5):319-21. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197705000-00002.

Böhrer H, Fleischer F, Werning P. Tussive effect of a fentanyl bolus administered through a central venous catheter. Anaesthesia. 1990 Jan;45(1):18-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14496.x.

Feldman PD, Parveen N, Sezen S. Cardiovascular effects of Leu-enkephalin in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. Brain Res. 1996 Feb 19;709(2):331-36. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01434-9.

Thomson IR, Putnins CL, Friesen RM. Hyperdynamic cardiovascular responses to anesthetic induction with high-dose fentanyl. Anesth Analg. 1986 Jan;65(1):91-5.

Zhang CC, Su JY, Calkins D. Effects of alfentanil on isolated cardiac tissues of the rabbit. Anesth Analg. 1990 Sep;71(3):268-74. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199009000-00009.

Helgesen KG, Ellingsen O, Ilebekk A. Inotropic effect of meperidine: influence of receptor and ion channel blockers in the rat atrium. Anesth Analg. 1990 May;70(5):499-506. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199005000-00006.

McIntosh M, Kane K, Parratt J. Effects of selective opioid receptor agonists and antagonists during myocardial ischaemia. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Jan 7;210(1):37-44. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90649-o.

Chinzei M, Morita S, Chinzei T. Effects of isoflurane and fentanyl on ischemic myocardium in dogs: assessment by end-systolic measurements. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1991 Jun;5(3):243-9. doi: 10.1016/1053-0770(91)90282-x.

Kim YD, Danchek M, Myers AK. Anaesthetic modification of regional myocardial functional adjustments during myocardial ischaemia: halothane vs fentanyl. Br J Anaesth. 1992 Mar;68(3):286-92. doi: 10.1093/bja/68.3.286.

White JL, Myers AK, Analouei A, Kim YD. Functional recovery of stunned myocardium is greater with halothane than fentanyl anaesthesia in dogs. Br J Anaesth. 1994 Aug;73(2):214-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/73.2.214.

White DA, Reitan JA, Kien ND. Decrease in vascular resistance in the isolated canine hindlimb after graded doses of alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil. Anesth Analg. 1990 Jul;71(1):29-34. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199007000-00005.

Delitala G, Trainer PJ, Oliva O. Opioid peptide and alpha-adrenoceptor pathways in the regulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis in man. J Endocrinol. 1994 Apr;141(1):163-8. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1410163.

Klingstedt C, Giesecke K, Hamberger B. High- and low-dose fentanyl anaesthesia: circulatory and plasma catecholamine responses during cholecystectomy. Br J Anaesth. 1987 Feb;59(2):184-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/59.2.184.

Crighton IM, Martin PH, Hobbs GJ. A comparison of the effects of intravenous tramadol, codeine, and morphine on gastric emptying in human volunteers. Anesth Analg. 1998 Aug;87(2):445-9. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199808000-00040.

Yukioka H, Tanaka M, Fujimori M. Recovery of bowel motility after high dose fentanyl or morphine anaesthesia for cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia. 1990 May;45(5):353-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14774.x.

Thörn SE, Wickbom G, Philipson L. Myoelectric activity in the stomach and duodenum after epidural administration of morphine or bupivacaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1996 Aug;40(7):773-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04531.x.

McNeill MJ, Ho ET, Kenny GN. Effect of i.v. metoclopramide on gastric emptying after opioid premedication. Br J Anaesth. 1990 Apr;64(4):450-2. doi: 10.1093/bja/64.4.450.

Raftery S, Sherry E. Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil protects against postoperative nausea and vomiting. Can J Anaesth. 1992 Jan;39(1):37-40. doi: 10.1007/BF03008670. .

Rung GW, Claybon L, Hord A. Intravenous ondansetron for postsurgical opioid-induced nausea and vomiting. S3A-255 Study Group. Anesth Analg. 1997 Apr;84(4):832-8. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199704000-00025.

Célèrier E, Rivat C, Jun Y. Long-lasting hyperalgesia induced by fentanyl in rats: preventive effect of ketamine. Anesthesiology. 2000 Feb;92(2):465-72. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200002000-00029.

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Maze M. Why does insensitivity to opioid narcotics develop? Anesthesiology. 1997 Nov;87(5):1033-4. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199711000-00004. P

Kissin I, Lee SS, Arthur GR. Time course characteristics of acute tolerance development to continuously infused alfentanil in rats. Anesth Analg. 1996 Sep;83(3):600-5. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199609000-00029.

Kissin I, Brown PT, Robinson CA. Acute tolerance in morphine analgesia: continuous infusion and single injection in rats. Anesthesiology. 1991 Jan;74(1):166-71. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199101000-00025.

Chia YY, Liu K, Wang JJ. Intraoperative high dose fentanyl induces postoperative fentanyl tolerance. Can J Anaesth. 1999 Sep;46(9):872-7. doi: 10.1007/BF03012978.

Vinik HR, Kissin I. Rapid development of tolerance to analgesia during remifentanil infusion in humans. Anesth Analg. 1998 Jun;86(6):1307-11. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199806000-00033.

Laulin JP, Maurette P, Corcuff JB. The role of ketamine in preventing fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia and subsequent acute morphine tolerance. Anesth Analg. 2002 May;94(5):1263-9, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00040.

Kissin I, Bright CA, Bradley EL Jr. The effect of ketamine on opioid-induced acute tolerance: can it explain reduction of opioid consumption with ketamine-opioid analgesic combinations? Anesth Analg. 2000 Dec;91(6):1483-8. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200012000-00035.

Kienbaum P, Thürauf N, Michel MC. Profound increase in epinephrine concentration in plasma and cardiovascular stimulation after mu-opioid receptor blockade in opioid-addicted patients during barbiturate-induced anesthesia for acute detoxification. Anesthesiology. 1998 May;88(5):1154-61. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199805000-00004.

Kienbaum P, Thürauf N, Michel MC. Profound increase in epinephrine concentration in plasma and cardiovascular stimulation after mu-opioid receptor blockade in opioid-addicted patients during barbiturate-induced anesthesia for acute detoxification. Anesthesiology. 1998 May;88(5):1154-61. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199805000-00004.

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Fujinaga M, Mazze RI, Jackson EC. Reproductive and teratogenic effects of sufentanil and alfentanil in Sprague-Dawley rats. Anesth Analg. 1988 Feb;67(2):166-9.

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Yeager MP, Procopio MA, DeLeo JA. Intravenous fentanyl increases natural killer cell cytotoxicity and circulating CD16(+) lymphocytes in humans. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jan;94(1):94-9, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200201000-00018.

Gourlay GK, Kowalski SR, Plummer JL. Fentanyl blood concentration-analgesic response relationship in the treatment of postoperative pain. Anesth Analg. 1988 Apr;67(4):329-37.

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Taeger K, Weninger E, Schmelzer F. Pulmonary kinetics of fentanyl and alfentanil in surgical patients. Br J Anaesth. 1988 Oct;61(4):425-34. doi: 10.1093/bja/61.4.425.

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Kharasch ED, Thummel KE. Human alfentanil metabolism by cytochrome P450 3A3/4. An explanation for the interindividual variability in alfentanil clearance? Anesth Analg. 1993 May;76(5):1033-9. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199305000-00022.

Buerkle H, Yaksh TL. Continuous intrathecal administration of shortlasting mu opioids remifentanil and alfentanil in the rat. Anesthesiology. 1996 Apr;84(4):926-35. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199604000-00021.

Dershwitz M, Hoke JF, Rosow CE. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil in volunteer subjects with severe liver disease. Anesthesiology. 1996 Apr;84(4):812-20. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199604000-00008.

Hoke JF, Shlugman D, Dershwitz M. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil in persons with renal failure compared with healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 1997 Sep;87(3):533-41. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199709000-00012.

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Barash, Paul G. (2020) Klinik Anestezi (Sekizinci baskı). Ankara: Ayrıntı Basım Yayın ve Matbaacılık

Lundeberg S, Beck O, Olsson GL. Rectal administration of morphine in children. Pharmacokinetic evaluation after a single-dose. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1996 Apr;40(4):445-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04467.x.

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Striebel HW, Oelmann T, Spies C. Patient-controlled intranasal analgesia: a method for noninvasive postoperative pain management. Anesth Analg. 1996 Sep;83(3):548-51. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199609000-00019. PMID: 8780279.

Douma MR, Middeldorp JM, Verwey RA. A randomised comparison of intravenous remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia with epidural ropivacaine/sufentanil during labour. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2011 Apr;20(2):118-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.11.009.

Volmanen PV, Akural EI, Raudaskoski T. Timing of intravenous patient-controlled remifentanil bolus during early labour. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011 Apr;55(4):486-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02390.x.

Freeman LM, Bloemenkamp KW, Franssen MT. Patient controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus epidural analgesia in labour: randomised multicentre equivalence trial. BMJ. 2015 Feb 23;350:h846. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h846.

Douma MR, Stienstra R, Middeldorp JM. Differences in maternal temperature during labour with remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia or epidural analgesia: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2015 Nov;24(4):313-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jun 18. PMID: 26303750.

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