Venöz Hava Embolisi

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Schwarz G, Fuchs G, Weihs W, Tritthart H, Schalk H V, Kaltenböck F. Sitting position for neurosurgery: experience with preoperative contrast echocardiography in 301 patients. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 1994 Apr;6(2):83–8.

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Malik N, Claus PL, Illman JE, Kligerman SJ, Moynagh MR, Levin DL, et al. Air embolism: diagnosis and management. Future Cardiol. 2017 Jul;13(4):365–78.

Faberowski LW, Black S, Mickle JP. Incidence of venous air embolism during craniectomy for craniosynostosis repair. Anesthesiology. 2000 Jan;92(1):20–3.

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Klein J, Juratli TA, Weise M, Schackert G. A Systematic Review of the Semi-Sitting Position in Neurosurgical Patients with Patent Foramen Ovale: How Frequent Is Paradoxical Embolism? World Neurosurg. 2018 Jul;115:196–200.

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Brull SJ, Prielipp RC. Vascular air embolism: A silent hazard to patient safety. J Crit Care. 2017 Dec;42:255–63.

Toung TJ, Rossberg MI, Hutchins GM. Volume of air in a lethal venous air embolism. Anesthesiology. 2001 Feb;94(2):360–1.

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Schwartz N, Eisenkraft JB. Probable venous air embolism during epidural placement in an infant. Anesth Analg. 1993 May;76(5):1136–8.

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Gursoy S, Duger C, Kaygusuz K, Ozdemir Kol I, Gurelik B, Mimaroglu C. Cerebral arterial air embolism associated with mechanical ventilation and deep tracheal aspiration. Case Rep Pulmonol. 2012;2012:416360.

Butler BD, Hills BA. Transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli. J Appl Physiol [Internet]. 1985 Aug 1;59(2):543–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.543

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van Hulst RA, Klein J, Lachmann B. Gas embolism: pathophysiology and treatment. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging [Internet]. 2003 Sep 1;23(5):237–46. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-097X.2003.00505.x

Balk AG, Mooi WJ, Dingemans KP, Wagenvoort CA. Development and regression of pulmonary arterial lesions after experimental air embolism. A light and electronmicroscopic study. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1985;406(2):203–12.

Walsh VP, Machon RG, Munday JS, Broome CJ. Suspected fatal venous air embolism during anaesthesia in a Pomeranian dog with pulmonary calcification. N Z Vet J [Internet]. 2005 Oct 1;53(5):359–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2005.36576

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Spence NZ, Faloba K, Sonabend AM, Bruce JN, Anastasian ZH. Venous air embolus during scalp incision. J Clin Neurosci Off J Neurosurg Soc Australas. 2016 Jun;28:170–1.

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Leibowitz D, Benshalom N, Kaganov Y, Rott D, Hurwitz A, Hamani Y. The incidence and haemodynamic significance of gas emboli during operative hysteroscopy: a prospective echocardiographic study. Eur J Echocardiogr J Work Gr Echocardiogr Eur Soc Cardiol. 2010 Jun;11(5):429–31.

Austin LS, VanBeek C, Williams GR. Venous air embolism: an under-recognized and potentially catastrophic complication in orthopaedic surgery. J shoulder Elb Surg. 2013 Oct;22(10):1449–54.

Storm BS, Andreasen S, Hovland A, Nielsen EW. Gas Embolism During Hysteroscopic Surgery?: Three Cases and a Literature Review. A A case reports. 2017 Sep;9(5):140–3.

Albin MS, Ritter RR, Reinhart R, Erickson D, Rockwood A. Venous air embolism during radical retropubic prostatectomy. Anesth Analg. 1992 Jan;74(1):151–3.

Günther F, Frank P, Nakamura M, Hermann EJ, Palmaers T. Venous air embolism in the sitting position in cranial neurosurgery: incidence and severity according to the used monitoring. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017 Feb;159(2):339–46.

Rubal BJ, Leon A, Meyers BL, Bell CM. The “mill-wheel” murmur and computed tomography of intracardiac air emboli. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2009 May;48(3):300–2.

Perkins NA, Bedford RF. Hemodynamic consequences of PEEP in seated neurological patients--implications for paradoxical air embolism. Anesth Analg. 1984 Apr;63(4):429–32.

Colohan AR, Perkins NA, Bedford RF, Jane JA. Intravenous fluid loading as prophylaxis for paradoxical air embolism. J Neurosurg. 1985 Jun;62(6):839–42.

Black S, Cucchiara RF, Nishimura RA, Michenfelder JD. Parameters affecting occurrence of paradoxical air embolism. Anesthesiology. 1989 Aug;71(2):235–41.

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Kwapisz MM, Deinsberger W, Müller M, Nopens H, Neuhäuser C, Klasen J, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography as a guide for patient positioning before neurosurgical procedures in semi-sitting position. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2004 Oct;16(4):277–81.

Gropper MA. Miller’s anesthesia. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.

Grady MS, Bedford RF, Park TS. Changes in superior sagittal sinus pressure in children with head elevation, jugular venous compression, and PEEP. J Neurosurg. 1986 Aug;65(2):199–202.

Toung TJ, Miyabe M, McShane AJ, Rogers MC, Traystman RJ. Effect of PEEP and jugular venous compression on canine cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the head elevated position. Anesthesiology. 1988 Jan;68(1):53–8.

Losasso TJ, Muzzi DA, Dietz NM, Cucchiara RF. Fifty percent nitrous oxide does not increase the risk of venous air embolism in neurosurgical patients operated upon in the sitting position. Anesthesiology. 1992 Jul;77(1):21–30.

Geissler HJ, Allen SJ, Mehlhorn U, Davis KL, Morris WP, Butler BD. Effect of body repositioning after venous air embolism. An echocardiographic study. Anesthesiology. 1997 Mar;86(3):710–7.

Bunegin L, Albin MS, Helsel PE, Hoffman A, Hung TK. Positioning the right atrial catheter: A model for reappraisal. Anesthesiology. 1981;55(4).

Roth S, Aronson S. Placement of a right atrial air aspiration catherer guided by transesophageal echocardiography. Anesthesiology. 1995;83(6).

Ljubkovic M, Zanchi J, Breskovic T, Marinovic J, Lojpur M, Dujic Z. Determinants of arterial gas embolism after scuba diving. J Appl Physiol. 2012 Jan;112(1):91–5.

Yahagi N, Furuya H, Sai Y, Amakata Y. Effect of halothane, fentanyl, and ketamine on the threshold for transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli in dogs. Anesth Analg. 1992 Nov;75(5):720–3.

Bedell EA, Berge KH, Losasso TJ. Paradoxic air embolism during venous air embolism: transesophageal echocardiographic evidence of transpulmonary air passage. Anesthesiology. 1994 Apr;80(4):947–50.

Moon RE. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for air or gas embolism. Undersea Hyperb Med J Undersea Hyperb Med Soc Inc. 2014;41(2):159–66.

Blanc P, Boussuges A, Henriette K, Sainty JM, Deleflie M. Iatrogenic cerebral air embolism: importance of an early hyperbaric oxygenation. Intensive Care Med. 2002 May;28(5):559–63.