Genitoüriner Sistem Muayenesi

Özet

Genitoüriner sistem (GÜS) muayenesi, pediatrik fizik muayenenin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır ve rutin kontrollerde ihmal edilmemelidir. Hassas doğası gereği, işlem öncesinde hasta ve aile bilgilendirilmeli, muayene sırasında üçüncü bir kişi mutlaka hazır bulunmalıdır. Genel görünüm değerlendirmesi; büyüme geriliği, ödem, hipertansiyon ve cilt bulguları gibi kronik böbrek hastalıklarına işaret eden kritik ipuçları sağlar. Ayrıca, yüz anomalileri ve tek umblikal arter gibi durumlar konjenital renal kusurlarla ilişkili olabilir. Erkek çocuklarda penis, skrotum ve testisler dikkatle incelenir. Altı yaşına kadar fizyolojik fimozis normal kabul edilirken, zorlamalı manevralardan kaçınılmalıdır. İnmemiş testis, herni ve hidrosel gibi durumlar palpasyonla ayırt edilmeli; malignite ve infertilite riski taşıyan olgular cerrahiye yönlendirilmelidir. Kız çocuklarında ise mahremiyete önem verilerek dış genital yapı, labial sineşi ve pubertal gelişim evreleri değerlendirilir. Böbrekler retroperitoneal yerleşimli olduklarından normalde ele gelmez; ancak kitle, hidronefroz veya kistik hastalıklarda palpe edilebilirler. Kostavertebral açı hassasiyeti enfeksiyon ve taş belirtisiyken, vasküler üfürümler renal arter stenozu açısından anlamlıdır.

Genitourinary system (GUS) examination is an integral part of pediatric physical assessment and should not be neglected during routine check-ups. Due to its sensitive nature, patients and families must be informed beforehand, and a third person should always be present during the procedure. General appearance assessment provides critical clues pointing to chronic kidney diseases, such as growth retardation, edema, hypertension, and skin findings. Additionally, facial anomalies and a single umbilical artery may be associated with congenital renal defects. In boys, the penis, scrotum, and testes are carefully examined. Physiological phimosis is considered normal until age six, and forced maneuvers should be avoided. Conditions such as undescended testes, hernia, and hydrocele should be distinguished via palpation; cases carrying risks of malignancy or infertility must be referred to surgery. In girls, external genital structures, labial synechiae, and pubertal development stages are evaluated with focus on privacy. Since kidneys are retroperitoneally located, they are not normally palpable; however, they may be felt in cases of masses, hydronephrosis, or cystic diseases. Costovertebral angle tenderness is a sign of infection or stones, while vascular bruits are significant for renal artery stenosis.

Referanslar

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24 Ekim 2022

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