İntiharın Tanımı ve Epidemiyolojisi
Özet
İntihar, kişinin kasıtlı olarak kendi hayatını sonlandırmasıyla ölümle neticelenen bir eylem olup, ölüm niyeti kesin olmasa da eylemin bilerek yapılmasıyla diğer ölüm türlerinden ayrılır. Tarihsel süreçte Antik Yunan'da topluma karşı bir suç olarak görülüp kınanırken, Antik Roma'daki Stoacılık gibi akımlarda erdemli bir davranış olarak kabul edilebilmiş, semavi dinlerde ise genellikle kesin olarak yasaklanmıştır. Günümüzde küresel bir halk sağlığı problemi olan intihar nedeniyle her yıl 700.000'den fazla insan hayatını kaybetmekte, tamamlanmış intiharlar erkeklerde daha sık görülürken intihar girişimleri kadınlarda daha yüksek oranlarda seyretmektedir. Türkiye, resmi verilere göre intihar oranının en düşük olduğu ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Risk etmenleri incelendiğinde, intihar vakalarının yaklaşık %90'ına bir psikiyatrik tanının eşlik ettiği; çiftçilik, hekimlik ve polislik gibi belirli meslek grupları ile düşük beceri gerektiren işlerde çalışanlarda riskin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Amerika kıtası dışındaki bölgelerde küresel intihar oranlarında azalış eğilimi bulunsa da, biyopsikososyal bir yaklaşımla ele alınması gereken bu karmaşık fenomen ruh sağlığı çalışanları için kritik bir görev alanı oluşturmaya devam etmektedir.
Suicide is a behavior that results in death through a person's deliberate act to end their own life, distinguishing itself from other types of death by being performed intentionally even if the intent to die is ambiguous. Throughout history, while it was condemned as a crime against society in Ancient Greece, it could be accepted as a virtuous behavior in schools like Stoicism in Ancient Rome, and it has generally been strictly forbidden in monotheistic religions. Today, suicide is a growing public health issue through which more than 700,000 people lose their lives annually; completed suicides are more frequent among men, whereas suicide attempts show higher rates among women. According to official data, Turkey is among the countries with the lowest suicide rates. When risk factors are examined, it is determined that approximately 90% of suicide cases are accompanied by a prior psychiatric diagnosis, and the risk is higher in low-skilled jobs as well as specific occupational groups such as farmers, physicians, and police officers. Although global suicide rates tend to decrease outside the Americas, this complex phenomenon, which needs to be addressed with a biopsychosocial model, continues to constitute a critical task for mental health professionals.
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