Fasial Estetik Cerrahisinde Anestezi

Yazarlar

Ozan Tüysüz
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0965-1390

Özet

Fasiyal estetik cerrahisinde lokal anesteziklerden genel anesteziye kadar uzanan geniş anestezi seçenekleri, cerrahinin boyutuna ve hastanın ihtiyacına göre belirlenmektedir. Lokal anestezikler, sodyum iyonlarının akışını engelleyerek etki gösterir ve ester ile amid grubu olarak ikiye ayrılır; yüzün yüksek kan akımı nedeniyle plazma pik seviyelerine ulaşıp toksisite riski yaratabileceğinden doz aşımı ve intravasküler uygulamalardan kaçınılmalıdır. Genel anestezi uygulamalarında ise indüksiyon ve uyanma hızlarıyla öne çıkan sevofluran ve desfluran gibi inhalasyon ajanları ile antiemetik ve hızlı derlenme özellikleri nedeniyle yüz estetiğinde bolus veya infüzyon olarak sıklıkla tercih edilen propofol gibi intravenöz anestezikler yaygın olarak kullanılır. Ayrıca cerrahi süreçlerde analjezi sağlamak amacıyla opioid grubu ağrı kesicilerden ve kas gevşemesini sağlamak üzere nöromusküler bloke edici ajanlardan faydalanılır. Dudak, burun ve kulak gibi bölgelerde gerçekleştirilen estetik müdahalelerde ise infraorbital, mental veya büyük auriküler sinir gibi anatomik yapılar hedeflenerek uygulanan bölgesel fasiyal bloklar, genel anestezinin riskli olduğu veya lokal anestezi tercih edilen durumlarda cerrahi ekibe güvenli ve konforlu bir alternatif sunmaktadır.

In facial plastic surgery, a wide range of anesthesia options extending from local anesthetics to general anesthesia are determined according to the extent of the surgery and the needs of the patient. Local anesthetics act by blocking the influx of sodium ions and are divided into two categories as ester and amide groups; since they can reach plasma peak levels and create a risk of toxicity due to the high cutaneous blood flow of the face, overdose and intravascular applications must be avoided. In general anesthesia applications, inhalation agents such as sevoflurane and desflurane, which stand out for their induction and emergence speeds, and intravenous anesthetics like propofol, which is frequently preferred in facial aesthetics as a bolus or infusion due to its antiemetic and rapid recovery properties, are commonly used. Additionally, opioid group analgesics are utilized to provide analgesia during surgical procedures, and neuromuscular blocking agents are employed to ensure muscle relaxation. In aesthetic interventions performed on areas such as the lips, nose, and ears, regional facial blocks applied by targeting anatomical structures like the infraorbital, mental, or great auricular nerves offer a safe and comfortable alternative to the surgical team in cases where general anesthesia is risky or local anesthesia is preferred.

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12 Ekim 2022

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