Adrenokortikal Tümörlerin Klinik Özellikleri

Özet

Adrenal korteksin farklı katmanlarından salgılanan hormonların dengesinin bozulmasıyla ortaya çıkan adrenokortikal tümörler, iyi huylu adenomlar ve nadir görülen, kötü prognozlu malign karsinomlar olarak ikiye ayrılır. Adrenal adenomların büyük kısmı hormon üretmeyen fonksiyonsuz kitleler olup genellikle görüntüleme tetkiklerinde rastlantısal olarak tespit edilirken, fonksiyonel olanlar ise en sık Cushing sendromu (kortizol fazlalığı) ve Conn sendromu (aldosteron yüksekliği) gibi klinik tablolarla kendilerini belli ederler. Adrenokortikal karsinomlar ise genellikle 6 cm'den büyük lezyonlar olarak saptanır; hızlı gelişen hormon fazlalığı belirtileri ya da karın ağrısı gibi lokal tümör büyümesine bağlı semptomlarla ortaya çıkarlar ve tedavisinde total cerrahi rezeksiyon en önemli kür şansıdır. Fonksiyonel adenomların erken tanısında 24 saatlik idrarda kortizol ve deksametazon supresyon testi gibi bir dizi hormonal değerlendirme kullanılırken, fonksiyonsuz adenomların da zamanla fonksiyonel hale gelme riski nedeniyle en least beş yıl boyunca yıllık takibi önerilmektedir.

Adrenocortical tumors, which arise from the disruption of hormone secretion from different layers of the adrenal cortex, are divided into benign adenomas and rare, poorly prognostic malignant carcinomas. While the majority of adrenal adenomas are non-functional tumors that do not produce hormones and are usually detected incidentally during imaging studies, functional ones manifest themselves through clinical pictures such as Cushing's syndrome (cortisol excess) and Conn's syndrome (high aldosterone). Adrenocortical carcinomas, on the other hand, are generally detected as lesions larger than 6 cm, present with rapidly developing symptoms of hormone excess or non-specific symptoms due to local tumor growth like abdominal pain, and total surgical resection is the primary chance of cure in their treatment. A series of hormonal evaluations, including 24-hour urinary cortisol and dexamethasone suppression tests, are utilized in the early diagnosis of functional adenomas, whereas annual hormonal monitoring of all non-functional adenomas is recommended for at least five years due to their potential to become functional over time.

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10 Ekim 2022

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