Depresif Duygudurum
Özet
Depresyon, çökkün ruh hali ve ilgi kaybı ile karakterize olan, dünya genelinde işlevsellik kaybının önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. Biyo-psiko-sosyal bir bütünlük içinde değerlendirilen bu hastalık, genetik, endokrinolojik ve nörotransmitter değişiklikleri gibi karmaşık etiyolojik faktörlere dayanmaktadır. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde tanınması kritik olan bu tablo, farmakoterapi ve psikoterapi yöntemlerinin entegrasyonu ile tedavi edilerek hastaların yaşam kalitesinin artırılması hedeflenir.
Depression is a significant cause of functional impairment worldwide, characterized primarily by a depressed mood and a loss of interest or pleasure. This condition arises from complex bio-psycho-social factors, including hormonal imbalances and changes in brain neurotransmitters. Effective management in primary care through a combination of pharmacotherapy and evidence-based psychotherapies is essential for achieving remission and improving the patient's overall quality of life.
Referanslar
World Health Organization. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2008.
Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate ICH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-1259. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2.
Lim GY, Tam WW, Lu Y, et al. Prevalence of depression in the community from 30 countries between 1994 and 2014. Scientific Reports. 2018;8(1):2861. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21243-x.
Albert PR. Why is depression more prevalent in women? Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 2015;40(4):219–221. doi:10.1503/jpn.150205
Erol N, Kilic C, Ulusoy M, et al. Türkiye Ruh Sağlığı Profili Raporu. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü; 1998.
Boku S, Nakagawa S, Toda H, et al. Neural basis of major depressive disorder: beyond monoamine hypothesis. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2018;72(1):3–12. doi:10.1111/pcn.12604.
Schildkraut JJ. The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1965;122(5):509–522. doi:10.1176/ajp.122.5.509.
Flyckt L, Hassler E, Lotfi L, et al. Clinical cues for detection of people with undiscovered depression in primary health care: a case-control study. Primary Health Care Research Development. 2014;15(3):324-330. doi:10.1017/S1463423613000285
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El kitabı, Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5), Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı (Ertuğrul KÖROĞLU, Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği;2013.
Park M, Unutzer J. Geriatric depression in primary care. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2011;34(2):469-487. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.02.009.
Mitchell AJ, Yau A, Rao S. Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):609-619. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60879-5.
Pence BW, O'Donnell JK, Gaynes BN. The depression treatment cascade in primary care: a public health perspective. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2012;14(4):328-335. doi: 10.1007/s11920-012-0274-y.
Lam RW, McIntosh D, Wang J, et al. CANMAT Depression Work Group. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;61(9):510 523.
Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta analysis. Lancet. 2018;391(10128):1357–1366. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32802-7.
Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1960;23(1):56–62. doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56.
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Depression in adults: recognition and management. 2009. (20.02.2022 tarihinde https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/Context#stepped-care adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Hasnain M, Vieweg WV. QTc interval prolongation and torsade de pointes associated with second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants: a comprehensive review. CNS Drugs. 2014;28:887-920. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0196-9.
Eom CS, Lee HK, Ye S, et al. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of fracture: a systematic review. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2012;27(5):1186-95. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1554.
Coupland CA, Dhiman P, Barton G, et al. A study of the safety and harms of antidepressant drugs for older people: a cohort study using a large primary care database. Health Technology Assessment. 2011;15:1-202. doi:10.3310/hta15280.
Anglin R, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P, et al. Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with or without concurrent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014;109:811-819. doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.82.
Roca M, Gill M, Garcia-Garcia M, et al. Prevalence and comorbidity of common mental disorders in primary care. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2009;119(1):52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.03.014.
