Metamfetamin Kullanım Bozukluğu
Özet
Metamfetamin kullanım bozukluğu (MAKB), yüksek bağımlılık potansiyeli ve nörotoksisite özellikleri sebebiyle küresel çapta ciddi bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Güçlü bir merkezi sinir sistemi psikostimülanı olan metamfetamin; anksiyete, depresyon, uykusuzluk, psikoz ve Parkinson hastalığı riskinde artış gibi ağır nörolojik ve psikiyatrik tablolara yol açmaktadır. Madde kullanımı ve yoksunluk dönemleri, mezolimbik ve glutamaterjik sinir yolaklarındaki nöroadaptasyonlar ile ilişkili olup nüksetme (relaps) oranları oldukça yüksektir. Klinik tablolarda ölümcül kardiyovasküler patolojiler ve psikotik ataklar öne çıkmaktadır. Tedavide Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi ve Matrix modeli gibi psikososyal müdahalelerin yanı sıra mirtazapin, bupropion ve naltreksan gibi çeşitli farmakoterapiler araştırılmakla birlikte, henüz tam anlamıyla kanıtlanmış bir tedavi yöntemi bulunmamaktadır.
Methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) is a serious global public health issue due to its high addiction potential and neurotoxicity. As a potent central nervous system psychostimulant, methamphetamine leads to severe neurological and psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, insomnia, psychosis, and an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. Substance use and withdrawal periods are associated with neuroadaptations in mesolimbic and glutamatergic pathways, resulting in high relapse rates. Fatal cardiovascular pathologies and psychotic episodes stand out in clinical presentations. Although psychosocial interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Matrix model, alongside various pharmacotherapies like mirtazapine, bupropion, and naltrexone, are being investigated, a fully proven definitive treatment method does not yet exist.
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