Ruh Sağlığı ve Poligami: Yeni Bilgiler Işığında Bir Güncelleme
Özet
Çok eşliliğin (poligami) küresel ve ulusal düzeydeki epidemiyolojik özelliklerini, ortaya çıkış nedenlerini ve aile bireylerinin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini güncel veriler ışığında inceleyen multidisipliner analize göre, dünya genelinde yaygınlığı yaklaşık %2 olan ve en sık Sahra Altı Afrika'da görülen bu uygulama, Türkiye'de 1926 Medeni Kanunu ile yasaklanmış olsa da özellikle kırsal bölgelerde gayriresmi "kuma" geleneği olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Evrimin kültürel aşamaları, siyasi ittifaklar, prestij arayışı, gelir dengesizlikleri, kısırlık ve ad soy devamlılığı gibi sosyal, kültürel, dini, ekonomik ve demografik faktörler bu evlilik yapısını besleyen temel unsurlardır. Araştırmalar, poligamik aile yapısının aile içi şiddet ve istismar riskini artırdığını, özellikle ilk eşler başta olmak üzere kadınlarda somatizasyon, depresyon, anksiyete, düşük benlik saygısı ve cinsel doyumsuzluk gibi ciddi ruhsal sorunlara yol açtığını göstermektedir. Çocuklar ve ergenler üzerinde düşük akademik başarı ile davranışsal uyum problemleri gibi yıkıcı etkiler gözlemlenirken, çok eşli erkeklerin de tek eşlilere oranla daha yüksek psikolojik semptomlar ve erektil işlev sorunları yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Birleşmiş Milletler'in kadın onurunu ihlal ettiği gerekçesiyle kaldırılması çağrısında bulunduğu poligami, dahil olan tüm bireylerin ruh sağlığını ve aile işlevselliğini olumsuz etkileyen travmatik bir süreçtir.
This multidisciplinary analysis examining the global and national epidemiological characteristics, causes, and impacts of polygamy on family members' mental health indicates that while polygamy has a global prevalence of around 2% and is most common in Sub-Saharan Africa, it was banned in Turkey by the 1926 Civil Code but still persists as an informal tradition known as "kuma," particularly in rural areas. Social, cultural, religious, economic, and demographic factors, such as cultural evolution, political alliances, prestige, income inequality, infertility, and lineage continuation, fuel this marital structure. Research indicates that polygamous structures increase the risk of domestic violence and abuse, causing severe psychiatric problems in women, particularly first wives, including somatization, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and sexual dissatisfaction. While destructive effects like low academic achievement and behavioral maladjustment are observed in children and adolescents, polygamous men also exhibit higher psychological symptoms and erectile dysfunction compared to monogamous men. Concluding that polygamy, which the United Nations calls to abolish as it violates women's dignity, is a traumatic process that adversely affects the mental health and functionality of all family members.
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