Uçucu Madde Kullanımıyla İlişkili Bozukluklar
Özet
Uçucu madde kullanımı, dünya genelinde ve Türkiye'de özellikle sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük ergenler arasında hızla yayılan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Yasal, ucuz ve kolay erişilebilir olan bu nörotoksik maddeler solunum yoluyla alınarak merkezi sinir sistemini baskılar, öfori ve bağımlılığa yol açar. Transpulmoner yolla beyne hızla ulaşan inhalanlar, ödül devrelerini ve prefrontal korteksi etkileyerek bilişsel, duygusal ve sosyal yetersizliklerin yanı sıra beyin beyaz cevherinde lezyonlar ile çoklu organ hasarına neden olur. Kullanıcılarda aşerme, ani ölüm sendromu, asfiksi, depresyon riski ve diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklar sık görülürken, tanı amacıyla idrarda hippurik asit seviyesi ölçülebilmektedir. Belirli bir spesifik ilaç tedavisi bulunmayan bu bozuklukta, akut intoksikasyon durumunda aritmi, nöbet ve koma riskine karşı kardiyak ve hayati bulguların takibi hayati önem taşır. Tedavi süreçlerinde aile terapisi ve ailenin sürece katılımı başarı oranını artırmada ve önlemede kritik bir rol oynamaktadır.
Volatile substance use is a major public health problem spreading rapidly worldwide and in Turkey, especially among adolescents with low socioeconomic status. These neurotoxic substances, which are legal, cheap, and easily accessible, are inhaled, suppressing the central nervous system and causing euphoria and addiction. Reaching the brain quickly via the transpulmoner pathway, inhalants affect the reward circuits and the prefrontal cortex, leading to cognitive, emotional, and social impairments, as well as lesions in the brain's white matter and multiple organ damage. While craving, sudden sniffing death syndrome, asphyxia, risk of depression, and other psychiatric disorders are commonly observed in users, hippuric acid levels in urine can be measured for diagnosis. Although there is no specific pharmacological treatment for this disorder, close monitoring of cardiac and vital functions against the risks of arrhythmia, seizure, and coma is vital in acute intoxication. In treatment processes, family therapy and family involvement play a critical role in prevention and increasing success rates.
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