Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı
Özet
Dijital oyun bağımlılığı (İnternette Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu - İOOB), özellikle ergenlerde ve erkeklerde sık görülen, iş, eğitim ve sosyal hayatı olumsuz etkileyen kompulsif bir davranışsal bağımlılıktır. DSM-5'e göre tanı konulabilmesi için tolerans, yoksunluk ve kontrol kaybı gibi 9 kriterden en az 5'inin 1 yıl içinde karşılanması gerekir. Bu bozukluğa sahip bireylerde bilişsel kontrolün bozulduğu ve ödül sistemlerinde eksiklikler olduğu fMRG çalışmalarıyla saptanmıştır. Düşük benlik saygısı, dürtüsellik, depresyon ve anksiyete önemli risk faktörleriyken; güçlü öz denetim ve aile desteği koruyucu etkenlerdir. İOOB; yalnızlık, saldırganlık, akademik başarısızlık gibi psikososyal sorunların yanı sıra uyku bozuklukları, dijital göz yorgunluğu ve kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları gibi ciddi fiziksel problemlere de yol açar. Ayrıca DEHB, depresyon ve anksiyete gibi psikiyatrik komorbiditelerle sıklıkla birlikte görülür. Tedavisinde, eşlik eden psikiyatrik hastalıklar için bupropion ve essitalopram gibi farmakolojik yöntemler ile bilişsel yeniden yapılandırma ve problem çözme becerilerini hedefleyen bilişsel davranışçı terapiler (BDT) etkin olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Digital game addiction (Internet Gaming Disorder - IGD) is a compulsive behavioral addiction commonly seen in adolescents and males, negatively impacting work, education, and social life. According to DSM-5, a diagnosis requires meeting at least 5 of 9 criteria, such as tolerance, withdrawal, and loss of control, within a 1-year period. fMRI studies have shown that individuals with this disorder exhibit impaired cognitive control and deficiencies in reward systems. Low self-esteem, impulsivity, depression, and anxiety are significant risk factors, whereas strong self-regulation and family support serve as protective factors. IGD leads to psychosocial problems such as loneliness, aggression, and academic failure, alongside severe physical issues including sleep disturbances, digital eye strain, and musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, it is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities like ADHD, depression, and anxiety. Its treatment effectively utilizes pharmacological approaches such as bupropion and escitalopram for accompanying psychiatric disorders, combined with cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) targeting cognitive restructuring and problem-solving skills.
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