Alışveriş Bağımlılığı
Özet
Alışveriş bağımlılığı (onyomani), çağlar boyu süren tüketim davranışlarının kapitalist algı, reklamlar ve kredi kartları vasıtasıyla kontrolsüz bir dürtüye dönüşmesiyle karakterize, bireyin hayat kalitesini düşüren ruhsal bir sorundur. Tarihsel süreçte ilk kez 1915 yılında Emil Kraepelin tarafından tanımlanan bu tablo, DSM-5 ve ICD-11’de bağımsız bir bozukluk olarak yer almamakla birlikte, ödül düzenekleri ve dürtü kontrol problemleri açısından madde dışı davranışsal bağımlılıklar kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Yaygınlık oranı yaklaşık %5 olan ve genç kadınlarda daha sık gözlenen bu rahatsızlığın etyolojisinde; genetik yatkınlıklar, dopaminerjik ve serotonerjik sistemlerdeki nörobiyolojik dengesizlikler, materyalist değer algısı ile narsistik zedelenmelere karşı geliştirilen psikodinamik savunma mekanizmaları rol oynamaktadır. Kompulsif satın alma eylemi, harcanan miktardan ziyade zihinsel meşguliyetin büyüklüğü ve yol açtığı finansal, sosyal işlevsellik kayıpları ile normal davranışlardan ayrılır ve sıklıkla duygudurum ile anksiyete bozuklukları gibi psikiyatrik komorbiditelerle birlikte seyreder. Tedavi protokollerinde sitalopram ve naltrekson gibi farmakoterapilerin sonuçları değişkenlik gösterirken, çevresel ipuçlarına maruz bırakmayı içeren bilişsel-davranışçı grup terapileri ve kredi kaynaklarını sonlandırmak gibi dört adımlı kendi kendine yardım stratejileri iyileşmede daha etkin öne çıkmaktadır.
Shopping addiction (onyomania) is a psychological issue characterized by uncontrollable impulses that lower an individual's quality of life, stemming from the transformation of lifelong consumer behaviors into a compulsion driven by capitalist perception, advertisements, and credit cards. First defined in 1915 by Emil Kraepelin, this clinical picture is not listed as an independent disorder in DSM-5 or ICD-11; however, it is classified under non-substance behavioral addictions due to its similarities in reward pathways and impulse control problems. Having a prevalence rate of approximately 5% and being observed more frequently among young women, the etiology of this disorder involves genetic predispositions, neurobiological imbalances in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, materialistic value endorsement, and psychodynamic coping mechanisms against narcissistic injuries. Compulsive buying is distinguished from normal shopping not by the amount of money spent, but by the magnitude of mental preoccupation and the resulting financial or social functional impairments, and it frequently co-occurs with psychiatric comorbidities such as mood and anxiety disorders. While the results of pharmacotherapies like citalopram and naltrexone remain mixed, cognitive-behavioral group therapies involving cue exposure and four-step self-help strategies, such as eliminating easy credit sources, stand out as more effective interventions for recovery.
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