Bilecik İlinde Hayvan Gübresinden Biyogaz Üretim Potansiyeli ve Sera Gazı Azaltımı Etkisi
Özet
Bu çalışma, 2021 yılı TÜİK hayvan varlığı istatistiki verilerini temel alarak Bilecik ilinde süt sığırı, etlik piliç ve yumurta tavuğu gübrelerinden elde edilebilecek biyogaz üretim potansiyelini ve bu potansiyelin sera gazı emisyon azaltımına etkilerini kapsamlı biçimde incelemektedir. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (ArcMap) yazılımı kullanılarak ilçeler düzeyinde haritalandırılan araştırmada, Bilecik genelinde yıllık kullanılabilir katı gübre miktarı 26.028 ton, hayvansal gübre kaynaklı biyogaz üretim potansiyeli ise 5,2 milyon m³ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen biyogazın toplam ısıl değeri 118,17 TJ düzeyinde olup, bu potansiyelin gaz motorları vasıtasıyla elektrik enerjisine dönüştürülmesi durumunda yıllık 13.130 MWh elektrik üretilebileceği ve söz konusu miktarın Bilecik ilinin 2020 yılı toplam elektrik enerjisi tüketiminin %7,76'sını karşılayabileceği belirlenmiştir. İlçe bazlı değerlendirmelerde en yüksek biyogaz potansiyeline 1,6 milyon m³ ile Osmaneli ilçesinin sahip olduğu, potansiyelin belirgin şekilde ilin kuzeybatı bölgesinde yoğunlaştığı ve kurulu güç potansiyelinin 1,9 MW olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çevresel faydalar açısından, kontrolsüz gübre yönetiminden kaynaklanan metan gazı salımının önlenmesiyle yıllık 38.415 ton CO₂ eşdeğeri emisyon azaltımı sağlanabileceği, odun gibi yakıtların biyogaz ile ikame edilmesi halinde ise toplam emisyon azaltımının yıllık 71,5 bin tona kadar ulaşabileceği hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bünyesinde henüz biyogaz tesisi barındırmayan Bilecik'te kurulacak santrallerin sürdürülebilir enerji üretimi ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede kritik rol oynayacağı ifade edilmektedir.
Based on TURKSTAT 2021 livestock statistics, this study comprehensively examines the biogas production potential derived from dairy cattle, broiler, and laying hen manure in Bilecik province and its effects on greenhouse gas emission reduction. Mapped at the district level using Geographic Information Systems (ArcMap) software, the research calculates the annual usable solid manure amount in Bilecik as 26,028 tons and the animal manure-based biogas production potential as 5.2 million m³. The total thermal value of the produced biogas is 118.17 TJ, and if converted into electrical energy via gas engines, 13,130 MWh of electricity could be generated annually, meeting 7.76% of Bilecik province's total electricity consumption in 2020. District-based evaluations reveal that Osmaneli district holds the highest biogas potential with 1.6 million m³, the potential is distinctly concentrated in the northwestern region of the province, and the installed capacity potential is 1.9 MW. In terms of environmental benefits, preventing uncontrolled methane emissions from manure management could provide an annual reduction of 38,415 tons of CO₂ equivalent, while replacing fuels such as wood with biogas could bring total emission reductions up to 71.5 thousand tons per year. Consequently, it is emphasized that biogas power plants to be established in Bilecik, which currently has no active biogas facilities, will play a critical role in sustainable energy production and combatting climate change.
Referanslar
Karaca C. Mapping of energy potential through annual crop residues in Turkey. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2015; 8(2):104-109. doi: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150802.1587
Dumanlı AG, Gulyurtlu I, Yürüm Y. Fuel supply chain analysis of Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007;11:2058–2082.
Achinas S, Achinas V, Euverink GJW. A Technological Overview of Biogas Production from Biowaste. Engineering, 2017;3:299–307. doi:10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.002
Scarlat N, Dallemand JF, Fahl F. Biogas: Developments and perspectives in Europe. Renewable Energy, 2018;129:457-472. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.03.006
TÜİK. Hayvancılık İstatistikleri: Bilecik ili tüm ilçeleri. (20/04/2022 tarihinde https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Başçetinçelik A, Karaca C, Öztürk HH, et al. Agricultural biomass potential in Turkey. In: 9th International Congress on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture & 27th International Conference of CIGR Section IV: The Efficient Use of Electricity and Renewable Energy Sources in Agriculture. 27-29 September 2005. İzmir, (pp.195-199).
Salminen E, Rintala J. Anaerobic digestion of organic solid poultry slaughterhouse waste-a review. Bioresource Technology, 2002;83:13-26
Başçetinçelik A, Öztürk HH, Karaca C, et al. Final Report of Exploitation of Agricultural Residues in Turkey. AGRO-WASTE-Exploitation of Agricultural Residues in Turkey. EU Life Program Project, 2006. Project No: LIFE03 TCY/TR/000061.
Ozsoy G, Alibas I. GIS mapping of biogas potential from animal wastes in Bursa, Turkey. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015;8(1):74-83. doi:10.3965/j.ijabe.20150801.010.
Ayhan A. Biogas production potential from animal manure of Bursa province. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludağ University, 2015;29(2): 47-53.
Karaca C. Determination of Biogas Production Potential from Animal Manure and GHG Emission Abatement in Turkey. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018;11(3):205-210. doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181103.3445.
Clarke Energy. CHP efficiency for biogas. (15/12/2021 tarihinde https://www.clarke-energy.com/2013/chp-cogen-efficiency-biogas/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, V4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Chapter 10: Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management, 2006.
Guo Guo L. Potential of biogas production from livestock manure in China: GHG emission abatement from ‘manure-biogas-digestate’ system. Master‘s Thesis, Department of Energy and Environment, Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 2010, Göteborg, Sweden.
Karaca C. Determination of Biogas Production Potential and Energy Value from Animal Manure in Turkey (Afyonkarahisar Provincial Example). In: VII. International Scientific Agriculture Symposium. 06-09 October 2016, Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (pp.1922-1928).
Karaca C. Hatay İlinin Hayvansal Gübre Kaynağından Üretilebilir Biyogaz Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 2017; 22(1):34-39.
Karaca C. Biogas Production Potential of Balıkesir Province. In: III of International Symposium of Bandırma and Its Surroundings. 17-19 September 2018, Bandırma, (pp 478-486)
Karaca C. The Potential of Biogas Production from Animal Manure and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in the Districts of Adana. In: International Conference of Research on Agricultural and Food Technologies (I-CRAFT2019). 3-5 October 2019, Adana, (pp 136-145).
Karaca C. The Potential of Biogas Production from Animal Manure and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in Ankara Province. In: 5th International Eurasian Congress on Natural Nutrition, Healthy Life & Sport, 2-6 October 2019, Ankara, (pp 35-44).
Karaca C, Gurdil GAK. Biogas Production Potential from Animal Manure in Samsun Province of Turkey. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 2019;50:135-140. doi:10.2478/sab-2019-0019
