Meyve Bahçelerinin Don Riskine ve Koruyucu Makinalara Ait Bazı Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi
Özet
Bu çalışma, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’ndeki narenciye bahçelerinde don riskine karşı kullanılan mekanizasyon ve enerji parametrelerini incelemektedir. Türkiye’de yıllık 4.5 milyon ton üretimi ve 934.8 milyon dolarlık ihracat payı olan narenciyenin don zararlarından korunması ve alternatif tedbirlerin geliştirilmesi stratejik önem taşımaktadır. Araştırmada sabit kuleli rüzgâr makinalarının 95-141 kW güce, 2-5 kanada, saatte 15-35 litre motorin tüketimine sahip olduğu ve 40-70 dekar alanlarda etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu pervanelerin bahçedeki rüzgâr hızı 7 km/h'den düşükken, sonbaharda 1°C ila -2°C, ilkbaharda ise 2°C ila -3°C sıcaklıklarda çalıştırılması, rüzgâr hızı 13 km/h'yi aştığında ise durdurulması önerilmektedir. 40 dekardan küçük alanlarda 14-18 kW gücünde ve 3-5 L/h yakıt tüketen makinalar veya saman balyaları tercih edilmektedir. Mart 2022'de yaşanan ve sıcaklığın -6°C'ye düştüğü don olayları özellikle Interdonato ve Meyer limon ağaçlarında %90-100'e varan ağır hasara yol açmıştır. Rüzgâr makinalarının kullanımı anket katılımcılarının %90'ı tarafından önerilmekte; yerli üretim, otomasyon, devlet hibeleri ile budama zamanlaması ve gübreleme gibi kültürel önlemlerin önemi vurgulanmaktadır.
This study examines the mechanization and energy parameters used against frost risk in citrus orchards in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Protecting citrus crops, which have an annual production of 4.5 million tons and an export share of $934.8 million in Turkey, against frost damage and developing alternative measures are of strategic importance. The research determined that fixed-tower wind machines have a power of 95-141 kW, 2-5 blades, diesel fuel consumption of 15-35 L/h, and are effective in areas of 40-70 decares. It is recommended to operate these fans when wind speeds in the orchard are below 7 km/h at temperatures between 1°C and -2°C in autumn and 2°C and -3°C in spring, but to shut them off when wind speeds exceed 13 km/h. For areas smaller than 40 decares, machines with 14-18 kW power consuming 3-5 L/h of fuel or straw bales are preferred. Frost events in March 2022, where temperatures dropped to -6°C, caused severe damage of up to 90-100% particularly in Interdonato and Meyer lemon trees. The use of wind machines is recommended by 90% of survey participants, while emphasizing the importance of domestic production, automation, government subsidies, pruning timing, and cultural practices such as fertilization.
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