Çörek Otu (Nigella Sativa)
Özet
Latince adıyla Nigella sativa ya da halk arasında çörekotu, kara tohum, siyah kimyon, bereket tanesi gibi adlarla bilinen bu bitki Avrupa, Kuzey Afrika ve Anadolu’da yabani tür olarak bulunur. Ülkemizde de gıda olarak kullanılmak üzere tohum elde etmek amacıyla çoğunlukla Afyon, Burdur ve Isparta’da ekilmekte olup, tohumlarının gıda olarak kullanılmasının yanı sıra, yüzyıllardır idrar ve süt artırıcı, iştah açıcı, adet söktürücü olarak geleneksel kullanımı da vardır (1). Nigella sativa’nın eski Mısır ve Yunan hekimler tarafından baş ağrısı, burun tıkanıklığı, diş ağrısı ve bağırsak kurtlarını tedavi etmek ve menstürasyonu düzenlemek için ayrıca süt artırıcı olarak reçetelendiği kaydedilmiştir. Astım, bronşit, baş ağrısı, dizanteri, enfeksiyonlar, şişmanlık, sırt ağrısı, hipertansiyon ve mide barsak yolları problemleri dahil geniş bir hastalık grubunun tedavisinde geleneksel ilaç olarak Orta Doğu ve Uzak Doğuda halk arasında uzun süre kullanılmaktadır. Egzama ve deri hastalıklarında kullanılması da dünya genelinde kabul edilmiştir (2). Nigella sativa'nın hipotansif, anti-nosiseptif, ürikozürik, koleretik, doğurganlık karşıtı, anti-diyabetik ve anti-histaminik gibi çeşitli farmakolojik özellikleri olduğu rapor edilmiştir (3). Ayrıca son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarla Nigella sativa ve içeriklerinin antioksidan, antiinflamatuar, antimikrobiyal, antitümöral ve immünomodülatör özellikleri terapötik potansiyeli açısından dikkat çekmektedir.
This plant, known by its Latin name Nigella sativa or by other names such as black cumin, black seed, cornucopia, is found as a wild species in Europe, North Africa and Anatolia. In our country, it is mostly planted in Afyon, Burdur and Isparta to obtain seeds to be used as food. In addition to the use of its seeds as food, it has also been used traditionally as a urine and milk enhancer, appetite stimulant and menstrual stimulant for centuries. Nigella sativa is noted to have been prescribed by ancient Egyptian and Greek physicians to treat headaches, nasal congestion, toothaches, intestinal worms, and to regulate menstruation, as well as as a milk enhancer. It has long been used among the people in the Middle East and Far East as a traditional medicine in the treatment of a wide group of diseases, including asthma, bronchitis, headache, dysentery, infections, obesity, back pain, hypertension and gastrointestinal tract problems. Its use in eczema and skin diseases has also been accepted worldwide. Nigella sativa has been reported to have various pharmacological properties such as hypotensive, anti-nociceptive, uricosuric, choleretic, antifertile, anti-diabetic and anti-histaminic. In addition, with studies conducted in recent years, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor and immunomodulatory properties of Nigella sativa and its ingredients have attracted attention in terms of their therapeutic potential.
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