Geçiş Döneminde Enerji Dengesi ve Postpartum Sürece Etkisi
Özet
Geçiş dönemi, ineklerde doğumdan önceki ve sonraki 3 haftalık süreci kapsayan ve kuru madde alımının azalmasıyla artan enerji ihtiyacının karşılanamaması sonucu Negatif Enerji Dengesi (NED) riskinin en yüksek olduğu kritik bir evredir. Bu dönemde fetüsün hızlı gelişimi, kolostrum üretimi ve laktasyona hazırlık gibi faktörler ineklerin metabolik, enfeksiyöz ve reprodüktif hastalıklara karşı direncini azaltarak üreme ve süt verim performansını olumsuz etkilemektedir. NED'in süresi ve şiddeti; hayvanın süt verimine, genetik potansiyeline ve rasyon kalitesine bağlı olarak bireysel farklılıklar gösterirken, metabolik dengenin yeniden kurulması laktasyonun ikinci ayına veya daha ileri dönemlere kadar uzayabilmektedir. Sürü yönetiminde verimliliği korumak, ekonomik kayıpları en aza indirmek ve fertiliteyi artırmak amacıyla enerji dengesinin kantitatif ve niteliksel yöntemlerle izlenmesi hayati önem taşır. Bu doğrultuda, pratik ve düşük maliyetli bir yöntem olan Vücut Kondisyon Skorunun (VKS) yanı sıra kanda esterleşmemiş yağ asitleri (NEFA) ve beta-hidroksibütirik asit (BHB) gibi hematolojik parametrelerin takibi, sürü genelinde oluşabilecek bozuklukların erken dönemde saptanmasını sağlar.
The transition period, spanning 3 weeks before and after calving in cows, is a critical phase where the risk of Negative Energy Balance (NEB) peaks due to decreased dry matter intake failing to meet rising energy demands. Rapid fetal development, colostrum production, and preparation for lactation during this period reduce resistance to metabolic, infectious, and reproductive diseases, thereby adversely affecting reproductive and milk yield performance. The duration and severity of NEB vary individually depending on milk yield, genetic potential, and ration quality, while the restoration of metabolic balance can extend to the second month of lactation or beyond. Monitoring energy balance through quantitative and qualitative methods is vital to maintain efficiency in herd management, minimize economic losses, and increase fertility. Accordingly, tracking Body Condition Score (BCS), a practical and cost-effective method, alongside hematological parameters like non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) in blood, enables early detection of potential disorders across the herd.
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