Retensiyo Sekundinarum
Özet
Süt ineği işletmelerinde ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği olumsuz etkileyen en önemli reprodüktif ve metabolik hastalıklardan biri olan Retensiyo Sekundinarum, doğumdan sonraki 24 saat içerisinde yavru zarlarının (plasenta) kendiliğinden atılamaması durumu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Fizyolojik olarak doğum sonrasındaki ilk 6 ila 12 saat içinde atılması gereken bu zarların kalması; fötomaternal yapışmayı sağlayan kotiledon-karunkul bağlantısının zamanında yıkımlanamamasından ve özellikle kollajenaz enzim aktivitesindeki yetersizliklerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Sürülerdeki görülme sıklığı %4-18 arasında değişmekle birlikte ikiz gebelikler, güç doğumlar, erken doğumlar ve beslenme hataları gibi faktörler bu insidansı önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Hastalık; süt veriminde azalmaya, metritis ve ketozis gibi puerperal hastalıklara yatkınlığa, servis periyodu ile doğum aralığının uzamasına ve dolayısıyla ciddi doğrudan ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Tedavi yaklaşımında geleneksel olan elle kurtarma yöntemi endometrium hasarı ve enfeksiyon riskini artırdığı için günümüzde yerini büyük oranda hayvanın beden ısısı ile iştahının izlendiği kendi haline bırakma yöntemine bırakmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra sınırlı vakalarda hormon tedavileri veya umblikal artere kollajenaz enjeksiyonları uygulanabilse de en etkili strateji geçiş döneminde dengeli besleme, E vitamini ve selenyum takviyeleri ile koruyucu önlemler almaktır.
Retensiyo Sekundinarum, one of the most critical reproductive and metabolic diseases affecting economic sustainability in dairy cattle enterprises, is defined as the failure to expel fetal membranes (placenta) within 24 hours postpartum. The retention of these membranes, which should physiologically be expelled within the first 6 to 12 hours after calving, stems from the failure to timely breakdown the cotyledon-caruncle attachment that provides fetomaternal adhesion, particularly due to insufficiencies in collagenase enzyme activity. Although its incidence in herds varies between 4% and 18%, factors such as twin pregnancies, dystocia, premature births, and nutritional deficiencies significantly increase this rate. The disease leads to decreased milk yield, predisposition to puerperal diseases like metritis and ketosis, prolonged service period and calving intervals, and consequently severe direct economic losses. Since the traditional manual removal method in treatment increases the risk of endometrial damage and infection, it has largely been replaced today by the non-intervention method, where the animal's body temperature and feed intake are closely monitored. Additionally, although hormone therapies or collagenase injections into the umbilical artery can be applied in limited cases, the most effective strategy is to take prophylactic measures through balanced nutrition and vitamin E and selenium supplementation during the transition period.
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