Ketozis ve İnfertilite
Özet
Ketozis, sütçü ineklerde erken laktasyon döneminde kan, süt ve idrarda keton cisimciklerinin artmasıyla karakterize metabolik bir hastalık olup, küresel olarak subklinik prevelansı %22,7 seviyelerindedir. Postpartum dönemde şekillenen negatif enerji dengesi (NED) nedeniyle inekler, enerji ihtiyaçlarını vücut rezervlerinden ve yağların lipolizisinden karşılamakta; bu durum aşırı NEFA üretimine ve karaciğerde keton cisimciklerinin (BHB, aseton, asetoasetik asit) sentezlenmesine yol açmaktadır. Ketozis patogenezine göre Tip 1, Tip 2 ve Tip 3; klinik olarak ise klinik ve subklinik formda sınıflandırılmakta olup, tanısında altın standart kuyruk veninden alınan kanda BHB ölçümüdür. Hastalık, fertilite parametrelerini de derinden etkilemekte; yüksek BHB ve NEFA seviyeleri LH pulzasyonunu baskılamakta, foliküler gelişim ile oosit matürasyonunu engellemekte, östrojen ve progesteron sentezini azaltarak döl verimi kayıplarına, gebelik oranlarında düşüşe ve uterus enfeksiyonları (endometritis) riskinde artışa neden olmaktadır. Korunma ve tedavide ise kuru dönem besleme yönetimi, vücut kondisyon skorunun (VKS) takibi, propilen glikol, monensin, rumen korumalı metiyonin ve kolin takviyeleri ile dekstroz ve B12 vitamini uygulamaları öne çıkmaktadır.
Ketosis is a metabolic disease characterized by increased ketone bodies in the blood, milk, and urine of dairy cows during early lactation, with a global subclinical prevalence of 22.7%. Due to the negative energy balance (NEB) in the postpartum period, cows meet their energy needs from body reserves and lipolysis of fats, leading to excessive NEFA production and synthesis of ketone bodies (BHB, acetone, acetoacetic acid) in the liver. Ketosis is classified as Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 according to its pathogenesis, and clinical or subclinical according to clinical findings, with the gold standard for diagnosis being BHB measurement in blood collected from the tail vein. The disease profoundly affects fertility parameters; high BHB and NEFA levels suppress LH pulsation, impair follicular development and oocyte maturation, decrease estrogen and progesterone synthesis, and cause fertility losses, decreased pregnancy rates, and an increased risk of uterine infections (endometritis). For prevention and treatment, dry period nutritional management, monitoring body condition score (BCS), propylene glycol, monensin, rumen-protected methionine, and choline supplementations, alongside dextrose and vitamin B12 applications, come to the forefront.
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