Endocrine Disruption and Systemic Health: Hormonal Imbalances Due to Climate Change
Özet
Climate change is considered one of the most important global health problems of the 21st century. Its effects on human health can manifest directly (e.g., increased temperatures, extreme weather events) or indirectly (e.g., food insecurity, air pollution). In this context, climate change is thought to have multifaceted and complex effects, particularly on the endocrine system. Rising environmental temperatures, air pollution, and extreme weather events are associated with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, and malnutrition. Furthermore, an increase in the frequency of vitamin D deficiency is observed due to air pollution. From a women's health perspective, climate change is noted to have negative effects on fertility, menstrual cycles, pregnancy outcomes, and the menopausal process. Exposure to air pollution from the pre-pregnancy period can lead to negative consequences for both maternal and fetal health. Moreover, the male reproductive system is also affected by climate change. Heat stress can disrupt various physiological processes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and peripheral tissues. Furthermore, exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors is increasing due to climate change, which can disrupt the effects, metabolism, and function of hormones. Consequently, climate change poses multifaceted risks to endocrine system health.
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