COVID-19 Ön Tanılı Acil Servise Başvuran Hastada Yoğun Bakım Ünitesine Yatış Endikasyonu ve Transfer Süreci

Özet

COVID-19 pandemisi süresince acil servislere başvuran kritik hastaların yönetimi, yoğun bakıma yatış kriterlerinin belirlenmesi ve güvenli transfer süreçleri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Acil servislerde bulaş riskini en aza indirmek amacıyla izole alanlar oluşturulmalı ve etkin triaj algoritmalarıyla hastalar sınıflandırılmalıdır. Ağır pnömoni, sepsis, akut böbrek hasarı ve hipoksik solunum yetmezliği gibi kriterleri karşılayan hastaların yoğun bakım ünitelerine yatışı planlanır. Solunum desteğinde entübe olmayan hastalarda yüksek akışlı oksijen tedavisi ve uygun vakalarda yüzüstü (prone) pozisyonu tercih edilirken; entübe hastalarda düşük tidal hacimli mekanik ventilasyon uygulanmalı ve işlem en deneyimli personel tarafından hızlı seri entübasyon yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmelidir. Transfer sürecinde hastanın, personelin ve çevrenin güvenliği için kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı, özel asansör ve izole transfer rotalarının belirlenmesi gibi katı önlemler alınmalıdır. Sonuç olarak, acil servislerde triaj yönetiminin doğru yapılması ve gelecekteki salgınlara karşı negatif basınçlı alanlar ile özel geçiş rotalarının planlanması, kritik hastalara sunulan bakım kalitesini artıracaktır.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, managing critical patients presenting to emergency departments, determining intensive care admission criteria, and ensuring safe transfer processes are of paramount importance. To minimize transmission risks in emergency departments, isolated areas should be established, and patients categorized using effective triage algorithms. Hospitalization in intensive care units is planned for patients meeting criteria such as severe pneumonia, sepsis, acute kidney injury, and hypoxic respiratory failure. For non-intubated patients requiring respiratory support, high-flow oxygen therapy and prone positioning in appropriate cases are preferred, whereas for intubated patients, low-tidal-volume mechanical ventilation must be applied, and the procedure performed by the most experienced staff using rapid sequence intubation. During the transfer process, strict measures such as the use of personal protective equipment, dedicated elevators, and isolated transfer routes must be implemented to ensure the safety of the patient, staff, and surrounding environment. Consequently, proper triage management in emergency departments, along with planning negative pressure areas and dedicated transit routes for future outbreaks, will enhance the quality of care provided to critical patients.

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11 Nisan 2022

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